The use of cells as building blocks for tissue engineering purposes has been a matter of research in the recent years. Still, the fabrication of complex-shaped 3D-like constructs using living-based materials is hampered through the difficulty in recapitulating the mechanical properties of the native tissues. In an attempt to develop robust tissue-like constructs, it is herein proposed the fabrication of complex-shaped magnetic cell sheets (CSs) with improved mechanical properties for bone TE. Hence, magnetic CSs with versatile shapes and enhanced mechanical performance are fabricated using a pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) through an universal approach that relies on the design of the substrate, cell density and magnetic force. Results show that such magnetic CSs exhibit a Young's modulus similar to those encountered in the soft tissues. The construction of stratified CSs is also explored using MC3T3-E1 and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). The role of the pre-osteoblast cell line on ASCs osteogenesis is herein investigated for the first time in layered scaffold-free structures. After 21 days, the level of osteogenic markers in the heterotypic CS (MC3T3-E1:ASCs) is significantly higher than in the homotypic one (ASCs:ASCs), even in the absence of osteogenic differentiation factors. These evidences open new prospects for the creation of mechanically robust, complex, higher-ordered and completely functional 3D cell-based materials that better resemble the native environment of in vivo tissues.

近年来，将细胞用作组织工程学的基础是研究的问题。尽管如此，由于难以概括天然组织的机械性能，因此阻碍了使用基于生物的材料制造复杂形状的3D状结构。为了开发鲁棒的组织状构造，本文提出了具有改善的骨TE机械性能的复杂形状的磁性细胞片（CS）的制造。因此，使用成骨细胞前细胞系（MC3T3-E1）通过一种通用方法来制造具有多种形状和增强机械性能的磁性CS，该方法依赖于基板的设计，细胞密度和磁力。结果表明，此类磁性CS具有与软组织类似的杨氏模量。还使用MC3T3-E1和脂肪来源的基质细胞（ASC）探索了分层CS的构建。本文首次在无支架的分层结构中研究了成骨前细胞细胞系在ASCs成骨中的作用。21天后，即使没有成骨分化因子，异型CS（MC3T3-E1：ASCs）中的成骨标志物水平也明显高于同型CS（ASCs：ASCs）。这些证据为创建机械坚固，复杂，有序，功能完备的基于3D单元的材料提供了新的前景，该材料更类似于原始环境。本文首次在无支架的分层结构中研究了成骨前细胞细胞系在ASCs成骨中的作用。21天后，即使没有成骨分化因子，异型CS（MC3T3-E1：ASCs）中的成骨标志物水平也明显高于同型CS（ASCs：ASCs）。这些证据为创建机械坚固，复杂，有序，功能完备的基于3D单元的材料提供了新的前景，该材料更类似于原始环境。本文首次在无支架的分层结构中研究了成骨前细胞细胞系在ASCs成骨中的作用。21天后，即使没有成骨分化因子，异型CS（MC3T3-E1：ASCs）中的成骨标志物水平也明显高于同型CS（ASCs：ASCs）。这些证据为创建机械坚固，复杂，有序，功能完备的基于3D单元的材料提供了新的前景，该材料更类似于原始环境。体内组织。