Chemical control of Bactrocera cucurbitae in crops biomagnifies toxic residues in fruits and vegetables imposes health-hazard effects on consumers and demands for eco-friendly approaches. Present research assessed the bio-efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii and Bacillus thuringiensis by adult-diet-bioassay at eleven concentrations (1 × 108, 5 × 107, 1 × 107, 5 × 106, 1 × 106, 5 × 105, 1 × 105, 5 × 104, 1 × 104, 5 × 103 and 1 × 103 CFU ml−1) of each entomopathogen against B. cucurbitae at three post-exposure-intervals (PEI) under controlled conditions. The results revealed that the maximum concentration (1 × 108 CFU ml−1) of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, V. lecanii and B. thuringiensis caused 5.3 to 7.7, 7.4 to 9.2, 5.3 to 6.7 and 5.1 to 11.2 times higher mortality in B. cucurbitae, respectively at 10 d PEI as compared to mortality demonstrated by the same concentration at 3 d PEI. All tested microbial-insecticides induced statistically similar mortality in both male and female B. cucurbitae at each concentration for the same PEI. Correlation coefficient (r) values reveal that concentrations of each microbial-insecticide had a high positive correlation with mortalities of male and female B. cucurbitae [r(B. bassiana) = 0.691 to 0.865, r(M. anisopliae) = 0.643 to 0.849, r(V. lecanii) = 0.508 to 0.886 and r(B. thuringiensis) = 0.591 to 0.812]. Regression-parameters reveal that concentrations of tested microbial-insecticides had significant linear-relationship with and explained significant variability in B. cucurbitae mortality (P < 0.05). At maximum PEI (10 d), B. bassiana exhibited least LC50 (4.10 × 101 to 1.87 × 102 CFU ml−1) and proved highly toxic followed by M. anisopliae (1.16 × 102 to 3.55 × 102 CFU ml−1), B. thuringiensis (2.97 × 102 to 5.92 × 102 CFU ml−1) and V. lecanii (4.50 × 102 to 7.64 × 102 CFU ml−1). In conclusion, B. bassiana incorporated adult-diet proved highly effective against B. cucurbitae followed by M. anisopliae, B. thuringiensis and V. lecanii. Hence, B. bassiana can be recommended for incorporation in bait-traps to develop attract-and-kill technology for B. cucurbitae.

中文翻译：

---

白僵菌、绿僵菌、蜡蚧轮枝菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌变种的致病性评估。kurstaki 在受控条件下通过饮食生物测定技术对抗葫芦科实蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）

作物中葫芦科实蝇的化学控制会生物放大水果和蔬菜中的有毒残留物，对消费者的健康造成危害，并要求采用环保方法。目前的研究通过成人饮食生物测定法评估了白僵菌、绿僵菌、蜡蚧轮枝菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌在 11 个浓度 (1 × 108、5 × 107、1 × 107、5 × 106、1 × 106、 × 105、1 × 105、5 × 104、1 × 104、5 × 103 和 1 × 103 CFU ml-1) 的每种昆虫病原体在受控条件下的三个暴露后间隔 (PEI) 中对抗葫芦科植物。结果表明，球虫芽孢杆菌、黄斑潜蝇、蜡蚧和苏云金芽孢杆菌的最大浓度（1 × 108 CFU ml-1）分别导致 5.3 到 7.7、7.4 到 9.2、5.3 到 6.7 和 5.1 到 11.2 倍葫芦科植物的死亡率，分别在 10 天 PEI 与相同浓度在 3 天 PEI 证明的死亡率相比。对于相同的 PEI，在每个浓度下，所有测试的微生物杀虫剂在雄性和雌性葫芦科植物中引起统计学上相似的死亡率。相关系数 (r) 值表明，每种微生物杀虫剂的浓度与男性和女性葫芦科植物的死亡率呈高度正相关 [r(B. bassiana) = 0.691 至 0.865，r(M. anisopliae) = 0.643 至 0.849 , r(V. lecanii) = 0.508 到 0.886 和 r(B. thuringiensis) = 0.591 到 0.812]。回归参数显示，测试的微生物杀虫剂的浓度与葫芦科植物死亡率具有显着的线性关系并解释了其显着变异性（P < 0.05）。在最大 PEI (10 d) 时，B. bassiana 表现出最低的 LC50（4.10 × 101 比 1。87 × 102 CFU ml-1) 并被证明具有高毒性，其次是 M. anisopliae（1.16 × 102 至 3.55 × 102 CFU ml-1）、苏云金芽孢杆菌（2.97 × 102 至 5.92 × 102 CFU ml-1）和 V。 lecanii（4.50 × 102 至 7.64 × 102 CFU ml-1）。总之，B. bassiana 纳入成人饮食证明对 B. cucurbitae 非常有效，其次是 M. anisopliae、B. thuringiensis 和 V. lecanii。因此，可以建议将 B. bassiana 纳入诱饵陷阱，以开发用于 B. cucurbitae 的引诱和杀灭技术。