Over the past few decades, industrial development has caused a dramatic increment in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as a leading cause of climate change. Modifying the industrial plants' environmental performance is the main pillar of improving efficiency that can reduce the waste of resources and make achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets of the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) possible. Considering the essentiality of knowledge-based research in increasing the awareness of policymakers by providing better access to accurate and reliable information, an analytical survey on efficiency in oil, gas, and petrochemical industries has been conducted by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). For this purpose, comprehensive evaluations were elaborated on monthly data for Zagros Petrochemical Company (ZPC), from 2011 to 2017, as a case study. The CO2 equivalent emissions of fuel combustion in the petrochemical plant's furnaces were calculated according to standard guidelines for calculation and reporting GHG to be used for environmental efficiency estimations. The data envelopment analysis program (DEAP) was applied to estimate efficiencies through the data envelopment analysis-materials balance principle (DEA-MBP) approach, which is a robust approach employed in this study to provide practical solutions to both economic and environmental concerns. Since DEA-MBP is based on the materials balance principle and incorporates by-products, it can reliably explain the best relationship between product quantities, carbon emissions, and external costs. The outcomes revealed that the lower heating value of natural gas and CO2 emission factor and CO2 equivalent emissions were 32.87 × 10–3 GJ/Sm3, 55.73 × 10–3 ton/GJ, and 2,376,449 tons, respectively. DEAP analysis also exhibited the technical, environmental, and environmental allocative efficiency scores as 0.976, 0.861, and 0.881, respectively, and estimated distances to efficiency frontiers were 0.024, 0.139, and 0.119, respectively. Ultimately, the carbon prices were found to be about US$83,175,715 and US$71,531,110 under two scenarios (A and B). Environmental efficiency improvement is the main pillar that leads to achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets. A significant drop of greenhouse gas emissions can be anticipated as a consequence of efficiency improvement. Improving the environmental efficiency reduces the carbon price. Data Envelopment Analysis specifies in what possible ways corporations can allocate the limited resources to improve production, successfully. Environmental efficiency improvement is the main pillar that leads to achieving lower-cost global emission reduction targets. A significant drop of greenhouse gas emissions can be anticipated as a consequence of efficiency improvement. Improving the environmental efficiency reduces the carbon price. Data Envelopment Analysis specifies in what possible ways corporations can allocate the limited resources to improve production, successfully.

中文翻译：

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通过效率分析促进低碳经济：以石化厂为例

在过去的几十年里，工业发展导致温室气体 (GHG) 排放量急剧增加，这是导致气候变化的主要原因。修改工厂的环境绩效是提高效率的主要支柱，可以减少资源浪费，使实现京都议定书清洁发展机制 (CDM) 中更低成本的全球减排目标成为可能。考虑到以知识为基础的研究通过提供更准确和可靠的信息来提高决策者意识的重要性，已通过应用数据包络分析 (DEA) 对石油、天然气和石化行业的效率进行了分析调查。为此，对扎格罗斯石化公司 (ZPC) 的月度数据进行了综合评估，从 2011 年到 2017 年，作为案例研究。石化厂熔炉中燃料燃烧的 CO2 当量排放量是根据用于计算和报告温室气体的标准指南计算出来的，用于环境效率估算。数据包络分析程序 (DEAP) 用于通过数据包络分析-材料平衡原理 (DEA-MBP) 方法估算效率，这是本研究中采用的一种稳健方法，可为经济和环境问题提供实用的解决方案。由于 DEA-MBP 基于物料平衡原理并包含副产品，因此可以可靠地解释产品数量、碳排放和外部成本之间的最佳关系。结果表明，天然气的较低热值、CO2 排放因子和CO2 当量排放分别为32.87×10-3 GJ/Sm3、55.73×10-3 ton/GJ 和2,376,449 吨。DEAP 分析还显示，技术、环境和环境配置效率得分分别为 0.976、0.861 和 0.881，与效率前沿的估计距离分别为 0.024、0.139 和 0.119。最终，在两种情景（A 和 B）下，碳价格分别约为 83,175,715 美元和 71,531,110 美元。提高环境效率是实现低成本全球减排目标的主要支柱。由于效率的提高，可以预计温室气体排放量将显着下降。提高环境效率会降低碳价格。数据包络分析指定了公司可以通过哪些可能的方式分配有限的资源来成功地改进生产。提高环境效率是实现低成本全球减排目标的主要支柱。由于效率的提高，可以预计温室气体排放量将显着下降。提高环境效率会降低碳价格。数据包络分析指定了公司可以通过哪些可能的方式分配有限的资源来成功地提高生产。由于效率的提高，可以预计温室气体排放量将显着下降。提高环境效率会降低碳价格。数据包络分析指定了公司可以通过哪些可能的方式分配有限的资源来成功地提高生产。由于效率的提高，可以预计温室气体排放量将显着下降。提高环境效率会降低碳价格。数据包络分析指定了公司可以通过哪些可能的方式分配有限的资源来成功地改进生产。