During the last two decades, several kinds of particulate blood analogue fluids have been proposed, but none of those were able to mimic the multiphase effects of real blood. Hence, it is clear that it is crucial to develop a simple multiphase blood analogue to be used for in vitro experiments at both macro- and microscale level. To the best of our knowledge, the present work shows for the first time a straightforward and extremely stable blood analogue fluid able to mimic multiphase blood flow phenomena. The present work proposes a simple, low-cost and stable multiphase blood analogue with the ability to mimic microscale blood flow phenomena. The proposed analogue fluid is composed of Brij L4 surfactant micelles suspended in pure water and is extremely easy to be produced. To investigate the ability of this analogue to mimic microscale blood flow phenomena, flow visualizations were performed in a microchannel constriction. In vitro blood phenomena were compared with the measurements performed with the proposed analogue fluid. Additionally, rheological measurements of the multiphase blood analogue were acquired by means of a stress-controlled rheometer and compared with in vitro blood sample viscosity curves. Overall, the results indicate that it is possible to produce a stable particulate fluid with geometrical, mechanical and flow properties similar to in vitro blood. Hence, the proposed analogue has a great potential to be used in flow experiments from macro- to nanoscale levels.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学和能源应用的快速、灵活和低成本的多相血液模拟物

在过去的二十年中，已经提出了几种颗粒血液模拟流体，但没有一种能够模拟真实血液的多相效应。因此，很明显，开发一种简单的多相血液类似物以用于宏观和微观水平的体外实验是至关重要的。据我们所知，目前的工作首次展示了一种直接且极其稳定的血液模拟流体，能够模拟多相血流现象。目前的工作提出了一种简单、低成本且稳定的多相血液模拟物，能够模拟微尺度血流现象。拟议的模拟流体由悬浮在纯水中的 Brij L4 表面活性剂胶束组成，非常容易生产。为了研究这种类似物模拟微尺度血流现象的能力，在微通道收缩中进行了流动可视化。将体外血液现象与使用建议的模拟液体进行的测量进行比较。此外，多相血液类似物的流变测量是通过应力控制流变仪获得的，并与体外血样粘度曲线进行比较。总体而言，结果表明有可能产生具有类似于体外血液的几何、机械和流动特性的稳定颗粒流体。因此，所提出的类似物在从宏观到纳米尺度的流动实验中具有巨大的潜力。将体外血液现象与使用建议的模拟液体进行的测量进行比较。此外，多相血液类似物的流变测量是通过应力控制流变仪获得的，并与体外血样粘度曲线进行比较。总体而言，结果表明有可能产生具有类似于体外血液的几何、机械和流动特性的稳定颗粒流体。因此，所提出的类似物在从宏观到纳米尺度的流动实验中具有巨大的潜力。将体外血液现象与使用建议的模拟液体进行的测量进行比较。此外，多相血液类似物的流变测量是通过应力控制流变仪获得的，并与体外血样粘度曲线进行比较。总体而言，结果表明有可能产生具有类似于体外血液的几何、机械和流动特性的稳定颗粒流体。因此，所提出的类似物在从宏观到纳米尺度的流动实验中具有巨大的潜力。结果表明，有可能产生几何、机械和流动特性类似于体外血液的稳定颗粒流体。因此，所提出的类似物具有用于从宏观到纳米级水平的流动实验的巨大潜力。结果表明，有可能产生几何、机械和流动特性类似于体外血液的稳定颗粒流体。因此，所提出的类似物在从宏观到纳米尺度的流动实验中具有巨大的潜力。