Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) was established in 2000 to conduct multi-location cooperative yield trials for the exchange of breeding material and to evaluate agronomic traits such as grain yield and disease resistance. In 2016, aggregated KASIB data were analyzed and 120 cultivars and breeding lines demonstrating different degrees of resistance to leaf rust selected. They were tested for leaf rust and agronomic traits in Omsk, Russia; Almaty, Kazakhstan and Sakarya, Turkey in 2017–2019. This germplasm was grouped into four categories based on leaf rust reaction: 31 resistant (R), 27 moderately resistant (MR), 37 intermediate (M) and 25 moderately susceptible (MS) entries. Lr genes were postulated based on tests using pathotypes with known virulence profiles and molecular markers. The most frequent Lr genes alone or in combination were Lr10 (31 entries), Lr26 (24), Lr9 (23), Lr1 (18), Lr17 (11), Lr34 (11) and Lr19 (7). Genes Lr1, Lr9, Lr10 and Lr17 reduced the leaf rust severity to M or MS across environments. The presence of Lr26 alone or in combination with other major genes reduced the leaf rust severity to MR-M in Omsk and R in Sakarya. The only gene with the large effect on leaf rust was Lr19, which provided a high level of resistance at all sites both alone and in combination with Lr26. Leaf rust severity in 52 entries with adult plant resistance (APR) was compared to 68 entries possessing effective seedling resistance genes. The leaf rust severity in entries with APR compared to seedling resistance was similar at low infection pressure at Sakarya, 2018 and Omsk, 2019. However, at higher leaf rust infection pressure at Omsk in 2017 and 2018, Almaty in 2019, there was a clear advantage for the germplasm possessing major genes. High level of stem rust infection in Omsk in 2019 confirmed effectiveness of the Sr31/Lr26 gene. A set of 33 genotypes was selected combining resistance to leaf and stem rust with superior agronomic performance.

中文翻译：

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哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯春小麦抗叶锈病（Puccinia triticina）的遗传基础

哈萨克斯坦-西伯利亚春小麦改良网络（KASIB）成立于 2000 年，旨在开展多地合作产量试验，交换育种材料，评估粮食产量和抗病性等农艺性状。2016 年，对汇总的 KASIB 数据进行了分析，并选择了 120 个对叶锈病具有不同程度抗性的栽培品种和育种品系。他们在俄罗斯鄂木斯克进行了叶锈病和农艺性状测试；2017-2019 年，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图和土耳其萨卡里亚。根据叶锈病反应将该种质分为四类：31 个抗性 (R)、27 个中度抗性 (MR)、37 个中间 (M) 和 25 个中度敏感 (MS) 条目。Lr 基因是基于使用具有已知毒力谱和分子标记的病理型的测试来假设的。最常见的 Lr 基因单独或组合是 Lr10 (31 个条目)、Lr26 (24)、Lr9 (23)、Lr1 (18)、Lr17 (11)、Lr34 (11) 和 Lr19 (7)。基因 Lr1、Lr9、Lr10 和 Lr17 将叶锈病的严重程度降低到 M 或 MS。Lr26 单独存在或与其他主要基因组合的存在将鄂木斯克的叶锈病严重程度降低到 MR-M，萨卡里亚的叶锈病严重程度为 R。唯一对叶锈病有较大影响的基因是 Lr19，它单独和与 Lr26 组合在所有位点都提供了高水平的抗性。将具有成株抗性 (APR) 的 52 个条目的叶锈病严重程度与具有有效幼苗抗性基因的 68 个条目进行比较。在 2018 年的萨卡里亚和 2019 年的鄂木斯克，在低感染压力下，APR 进入的叶锈病严重程度与幼苗抗性相似。 然而，在2017年和2018年鄂木斯克、2019年阿拉木图叶锈病感染压力较高的情况下，主基因种质资源优势明显。2019 年鄂木斯克高水平的茎锈病感染证实了 Sr31/Lr26 基因的有效性。选择了一组 33 个基因型，将叶锈病和茎锈病的抗性与优越的农艺性能相结合。