This study investigates changes in the spatial distributions of paddy fields in the Songnen Plain (China’s largest commodity grain-producing area) using the Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre–Végétation (SPOT VEGETATION) time series product data to simulate the phenological characteristics of paddy rice growth. According to the analysis, the characteristics of paddy fields are different from other vegetation cover around late May (15th 10-day). This difference can be used to improve accuracy in identifying paddy fields. Historical maps (1999–2013) are extracted successfully in this work. Based on the results, a trend map for changes in paddy field areas is generated using a 10-km grid. Based on the verification of paddy field extractions in 2019 using the Project for On-Board Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA VEGETATION), the trend map is strongly indicative for predicting future spatial distribution changes of paddy fields. These results can be used to provide a reliable theoretical basis for environmental research related to the growth of paddy rice. This study also verifies that paddy rice cultivation is one of the main causes of rising temperatures in the study area.