Depressive disorder (DD) is a psychiatric disorder whose molecular basis is not fully understood. It is assumed that reduced consumption of fish and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is associated with DD. Other lipids such as total cholesterol (TCH), LDL-, and HDL-cholesterols (LDL-CH, HDL-CH) also play a role in depression. The primary endpoint of the study was the effect of omega-3 FA on the severity of depression in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the secondary endpoint, relationship between depressive disorder symptoms and lipid profile, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions, Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in 58 depressed children and adolescents (calculated by the statistical program on the effect size), as well as the effect of omega-3 FA on the monitored parameters. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), lipid profile by standard biochemical procedures, and LDL- and HDL-subfractions by the Lipoprint system. Basic biochemical parameters including lipid profile were compared with levels in 20 healthy children and were in the physiological range. Improvement of symptoms in the group supplemented with a fish oil emulsion rich in omega-3 FA in contrast to omega-6 FA (emulsion of sunflower oil) has been observed. We are the first to report that omega-3 FAs, but not omega-6 FA, increase large HDL subfractions (anti-atherogenic) after 12 weeks of supplementation and decrease small HDL subfractions (proatherogenic) in depressed children. We found a negative correlation between CDI score and HDL-CH and the large HDL subfraction, but not LDL-CH subfractions. CDI score was not associated with erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Our results suggest that HDL-CH and its subfractions, but not LDL-CH may play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. The study was registered under ISRCTN81655012.

中文翻译：

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患有抑郁症的儿童和青少年的血脂谱、脂蛋白亚组分和膜流动性：Omega-3 脂肪酸在双盲随机对照研究中的作用

抑郁症 (DD) 是一种精神疾病，其分子基础尚未完全了解。假设鱼和 omega-3 脂肪酸 (FA) 的摄入量减少与 DD 相关。其他脂质，如总胆固醇 (TCH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）也在抑郁症中起作用。该研究的主要终点是 omega-3 FA 对儿童和青少年抑郁症严重程度的影响。本研究旨在调查 58 名抑郁儿童和青少年的次要终点、抑郁症症状与脂质特征、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇亚组分、对氧磷酶 1 (PON1) 活性和红细胞膜流动性之间的关系（由统计程序计算）效应大小），以及 omega-3 FA 对监测参数的影响。抑郁症状通过儿童抑郁量表 (CDI) 评估，通过标准生化程序评估血脂，通过 Lipoprint 系统评估低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白亚组分。包括血脂在内的基本生化参数与 20 名健康儿童的水平进行了比较，并且都在生理范围内。与 omega-6 FA（葵花籽油乳液）相比，补充了富含 omega-3 FA 的鱼油乳液的组的症状有所改善。我们是第一个报告 omega-3 FAs（而非 omega-6 FA）在补充 12 周后增加大 HDL 亚组分（抗动脉粥样硬化）并减少抑郁儿童的小 HDL 亚组分（致动脉粥样硬化）的人。我们发现 CDI 评分与 HDL-CH 和大 HDL 亚组分之间呈负相关，但与 LDL-CH 亚组分无关。CDI 评分与红细胞膜流动性无关。我们的结果表明 HDL-CH 及其亚组分，而不是 LDL-CH 可能在抑郁症的病理生理学中起作用。该研究在 ISRCTN81655012 下注册。