The cardioprotective effects of dietary nitrate from beetroot in healthy and hypertensive individuals are undeniable and irrefutable. Nitrate and nitrate-derived nitrite are precursors for nitric oxide synthesis exhibiting an effect on cardiomyocytes and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, improving endothelial function, reducing arterial stiffness and stimulating smooth muscle relaxation, decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Beetroot phytochemicals like betanin, saponins, polyphenols, and organic acids can resist simulated gastrointestinal digestion, raising the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effects of beetroots result from the combination of nitrate/nitrite and bioactive compounds that limit the generation of reactive oxygen species and modulate gene expression. Nitrate and phytochemical concentrations can be adjusted in beet formulations to fulfill requirements for acute or long-term supplementations, enhancing patient adherence to beet intervention. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, beet nitrate and its bioactive phytochemicals are promising as a novel supportive therapy to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases.

中文翻译：

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甜菜根，一种杰出的蔬菜：其硝酸盐和植物化学物质含量可以通过新颖的配方进行调节，从而有益于健康和支持心血管疾病的治疗

甜菜根饮食硝酸盐对健康和高血压个体的心脏保护作用不可否认且不可否认。硝酸盐和硝酸盐衍生的亚硝酸盐是一氧化氮合成的前体，对心肌细胞和心肌缺血/再灌注具有影响，改善内皮功能，降低动脉僵硬度并刺激平滑肌松弛，降低收缩压和舒张压。甜菜根植物化学物质（例如甜菜碱，皂角苷，多酚和有机酸）可以抵抗模拟的胃肠道消化，提出了这样的假说：甜菜根的心脏保护作用是由硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐和生物活性化合物的结合产生的，它们限制了活性氧的产生并调节基因表达。可以调整甜菜配方中的硝酸盐和植物化学物质的浓度，以满足急性或长期补充的要求，从而增强患者对甜菜干预的依从性。基于体外，体内和临床试验，甜菜硝酸盐及其生物活性植物化学物质有望作为改善心血管疾病的新型支持疗法。