Abstract

Axonal transport is integral for maintaining neuronal form and function, and defects in axonal transport have been correlated with several neurological diseases, making it a subject of extensive research over the past several years. The anterograde and retrograde transport machineries are crucial for the delivery and distribution of several cytoskeletal elements, growth factors, organelles and other synaptic cargo. Molecular motors and the neuronal cytoskeleton function as effectors for multiple neuronal processes such as axon outgrowth and synapse formation. This review examines the molecular mechanisms governing axonal transport, specifically highlighting the contribution of studies conducted in C. elegans, which has proved to be a tractable model system in which to identify both novel and conserved regulatory mechanisms of axonal transport.

摘要

轴突运输对于维持神经元的形式和功能是必不可少的，并且轴突运输的缺陷已经与几种神经系统疾病相关联，使其成为过去几年中广泛研究的主题。顺行和逆行运输机械对于几种细胞骨架元素，生长因子，细胞器和其他突触货物的递送和分配至关重要。分子马达和神经元的细胞骨架起着多种神经元过程如轴突生长和突触形成的效应器的作用。这项审查审查了控制轴突运输的分子机制，特别强调了在秀丽隐杆线虫中进行的研究的贡献，已被证明是一个易于处理的模型系统，可在其中识别轴突运输的新颖且保守的调节机制。