Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. Importantly, plants require a large amount of P to grow, and P deficiency causes huge losses in plant production. Although this issue can be mitigated by the appropriate use of phosphate (Pi) rock-derived P fertilizers, phosphate rock is a finite natural resource. Moreover, the increased demand for food as a result of our growing global population is another factor contributing to a prospective P crisis. While creating crops that are resilient to Pi deficiency presents great scientific challenge, the current progress in our understanding of how plants regulate Pi homeostasis offers some opportunities for further study. In this review, we present the published research supporting these opportunities, which are based on the molecular mechanisms that plants have evolved to respond to P deficiency. First, we focus on recent advances in P sensing and signaling pathways in the regulation of root system architecture. Next, we describe the mechanisms that regulate Pi transport and accumulation, in a Pi- (or other nutrient) dependent manner. Integrating these data will help to design an innovative strategy for improving Pi nutrition in plants. In addition, this will help with Pi scarcity, one of the challenges facing agriculture in the twenty first century.

摘要

磷 (P) 是所有生物体必不可少的常量营养素。重要的是，植物需要大量的磷才能生长，而缺磷会导致植物生产的巨大损失。虽然这个问题可以通过适当使用磷酸盐 (Pi) 岩石衍生的磷肥来缓解，但磷酸盐岩是一种有限的自然资源。此外，由于我们不断增长的全球人口导致对食物的需求增加是导致预期 P 危机的另一个因素。虽然创造对磷缺乏具有抵抗力的作物提出了巨大的科学挑战，但我们对植物如何调节磷稳态的理解的当前进展为进一步研究提供了一些机会。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了支持这些机会的已发表研究，这是基于植物进化来应对缺磷的分子机制。首先，我们关注 P 传感和信号通路在根系结构调节方面的最新进展。接下来，我们描述了以 Pi（或其他养分）依赖性方式调节 Pi 运输和积累的机制。整合这些数据将有助于设计一种创新策略来改善植物中的 Pi 营养。此外，这将有助于解决 21 世纪农业面临的挑战之一——Pi 稀缺性。整合这些数据将有助于设计一种创新策略来改善植物中的 Pi 营养。此外，这将有助于解决 21 世纪农业面临的挑战之一——Pi 稀缺性。整合这些数据将有助于设计一种创新策略来改善植物中的 Pi 营养。此外，这将有助于解决 21 世纪农业面临的挑战之一——Pi 稀缺性。