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Role and Mechanisms of Exosomal miRNAs in IBD Pathophysiology
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00295.2020
Sameena Wani 1 , Ivy Ka Man Law 1 , Charalabos Pothoulakis 1
Affiliation  

Exosomes represent secretory membranous vesicles used for the information exchange between cells and organ-to-organ communication. Exosome crosstalk mechanisms are involved in the regulation of several IBD-associated pathophysioloc intestinal processes such as barrier function, immune responses and intestinal flora. Functional biomolecules, mainly non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are believed to be transmitted between the mammalian cells via exosomes which likely play important roles in cell-to-cell communication, both locally and systemically. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in exosomes have generated substantial interest because of their critical roles in multiple pathophysiological processes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs are implicated in the gut health. MiRNAs are selectively and actively loaded into the exosomes and then transferred to the target recipient cell where they manipulate cell function through post-transcriptional silencing of target genes. Intriguingly, miRNA profile of exosomes differ from their cellular counterparts suggesting an active sorting and packaging mechanism of exosomal miRNAs. Even more exciting is the involvement of posttranscriptional modifications in the specific loading of miRNAs into exosomes, but the underlying mechanisms of how these modifications direct ncRNA sorting have not been established. This review gives a brief overview of the status of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in IBD and also discusses potential mechanisms of exosomal miRNA sorting and delivering.

中文翻译:

外泌体miRNA在IBD病理生理学中的作用和机制

外泌体代表用于细胞之间信息交换和器官间通讯的分泌膜囊泡。外泌体串扰机制涉及多种 IBD 相关病理生理肠道过程的调节,例如屏障功能、免疫反应和肠道菌群。功能性生物分子,主要是非编码 RNA (ncRNA),被认为通过外泌体在哺乳动物细胞之间传递,外泌体可能在局部和全身的细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。封装在外泌体中的微 RNA (miRNA) 由于它们在多种病理生理过程中的关键作用而引起了极大的兴趣。此外,外泌体 miRNA 与肠道健康有关。MiRNA 被选择性地主动加载到外泌体中,然后转移到目标受体细胞,在那里它们通过靶基因的转录后沉默来操纵细胞功能。有趣的是,外泌体的 miRNA 谱与其细胞对应物不同,这表明外泌体 miRNA 具有积极的分类和包装机制。更令人兴奋的是转录后修饰参与将 miRNA 特定加载到外泌体中,但这些修饰如何指导 ncRNA 分选的潜在机制尚未确定。本综述简要概述了外泌体和外泌体 miRNA 在 IBD 中的状态,并讨论了外泌体 miRNA 分选和传递的潜在机制。有趣的是,外泌体的 miRNA 谱与其细胞对应物不同,这表明外泌体 miRNA 具有积极的分类和包装机制。更令人兴奋的是转录后修饰参与将 miRNA 特定加载到外泌体中,但这些修饰如何指导 ncRNA 分选的潜在机制尚未确定。本综述简要概述了外泌体和外泌体 miRNA 在 IBD 中的状态,并讨论了外泌体 miRNA 分选和传递的潜在机制。有趣的是,外泌体的 miRNA 谱与其细胞对应物不同,这表明外泌体 miRNA 具有积极的分类和包装机制。更令人兴奋的是转录后修饰参与将 miRNA 特定加载到外泌体中,但这些修饰如何指导 ncRNA 分选的潜在机制尚未确定。本综述简要概述了外泌体和外泌体 miRNA 在 IBD 中的状态,并讨论了外泌体 miRNA 分选和传递的潜在机制。但这些修饰如何指导 ncRNA 分选的潜在机制尚未确定。本综述简要概述了外泌体和外泌体 miRNA 在 IBD 中的状态,并讨论了外泌体 miRNA 分选和传递的潜在机制。但这些修饰如何指导 ncRNA 分选的潜在机制尚未确定。本综述简要概述了外泌体和外泌体 miRNA 在 IBD 中的状态,并讨论了外泌体 miRNA 分选和传递的潜在机制。
更新日期:2020-10-08
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