All living things on Earth experience various diseases such as those caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Insects are no exception to this rule, and fungi that cause disease in insects are called entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been developed as microbial insecticides and are used to control various pests. Generally, the mode of action of entomopathogenic fungi is divided into the attachment of conidia, germination, penetration, growth, and generation of secondary infectious conidia. In each of these steps, that entomopathogenic fungi use genes in a complex manner (specific or diverse) has been shown by gene knock‐out and RNA‐sequencing analysis. In this review, the information mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi was divided into six steps: (1) attachment of conidia to host, (2) germination and appressorium, (3) penetration, (4) fungal growth in hemolymph, (5) conidia production on host, and (6) transmission and dispersal. The strategy used by the fungi in each step was described at the genetic level. In addition, an approach for studying the mode of action of the fungi is presented.

中文翻译：

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昆虫病原真菌的致病相关基因

地球上所有生物都经历各种疾病，例如由病毒，细菌和真菌引起的疾病。昆虫也不例外，将引起昆虫疾病的真菌称为昆虫病原真菌。这些真菌已被开发为微生物杀虫剂，可用于防治各种害虫。通常，昆虫病原性真菌的作用方式分为分生孢子的附着，萌发，穿透，生长和继发感染性分生孢子的产生。在这些步骤的每一个步骤中，基因敲除和RNA测序分析均表明，致病性真菌以复杂的方式（特异性或多样性）使用基因。在这篇综述中，昆虫病原真菌的信息机制分为六个步骤：（1）分生孢子附着于宿主；（2）萌发和附着；（3）渗透；（4）血淋巴中的真菌生长，（5）宿主上的分生孢子产生，以及（6）传播和扩散。在基因水平上描述了真菌在每个步骤中使用的策略。此外，提出了一种研究真菌作用方式的方法。