1. Extant marsupials are highly diverse, both morphologically and ecologically. As a key ecological factor, diet has been studied in marsupials at the species level. However, a general lack of phylogenetic integration has resulted in macroevolutionary patterns of diet remaining largely unexplored in the group.
2. We review dietary information for extant marsupials and present the results of an evolutionary analysis in an explicit phylogenetic framework.
3. We compiled dietary data from diverse sources, coding characters in four dietary schemes. We reconstructed ancestral states of predominant diet and dietary shifts during marsupial evolution, by using a published, dated phylogeny that includes 193 extant species representing 97% of genera.
4. The ancestral diet was predominant insectivory. Most frequent transitions occurred towards carnivory, since the late Eocene. By contrast, the shift towards browse herbivory occurred only once, in Australasia, in Diprotodontia, as early as the Palaeocene. The browse herbivorous ancestor gave rise to several other herbivore strategies, as well as to the predominant mycophagy that evolved in Potoroidae. In the Americas, only one extant marsupial clade evolved predominant herbivory (frugivory in Caluromyinae). We found omnivory to be a derived dietary strategy that occurred in both American and Australasian lineages. Temporal and geographic patterns of marsupial dietary diversification appear to be dependent on major palaeoclimatic events and on concurrent diversification of other (placental) clades.
5. The higher frequency of transitions from an insectivorous ancestor towards carnivory might be related to the minor anatomical, physiological and molecular changes required by a transition within an animalivory (protein‐based) dietary gradient, in contrast with major changes required by shifts towards herbivory (carbohydrate‐based diet). The contrasting evolutionary patterns of diet between marsupials in the Americas and Australasia may be explained, at least partially, by the radically different faunas with which marsupials from each region interacted during their parallel evolutionary history.

中文翻译：

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现有有袋动物的饮食演变：从广泛的系统发育角度看的新兴模式

1. 现存的有袋动物在形态和生态上都高度多样化。作为关键的生态因素，在有袋动物中已经在物种层面研究了饮食。但是，由于总体上缺乏系统发育整合，导致饮食的宏观进化模式在该群体中仍未得到充分探索。
2. 我们审查了有袋动物的饮食信息，并在一个明确的系统发育框架中介绍了进化分析的结果。
3. 我们收集了来自各种来源的饮食数据，在四种饮食计划中对字符进行了编码。通过使用包括193种现存物种（占属的97％）的已出版的，已发证的系统发育史，我们重建了有袋动物进化过程中主要的饮食和饮食转变的祖先状态。
4. 祖先的饮食以食虫​​为主。自始新世晚期以来，最频繁的过渡发生在食肉动物上。相比之下，早在古新世，在澳大利亚的食齿动物界就发生了向食草性转变的事件。浏览草食的祖先引起了其他几种草食动物的策略，以及在弓形虫中进化的主要的噬菌体。在美洲，只有一个现存的有袋植物进化为主要的食草动物（Caluromyinae的食草动物）。我们发现杂食性是美国和澳大利亚血统中都发生的一种衍生饮食策略。有袋动物饮食多样化的时间和地理模式似乎取决于主要的古气候事件以及其他（胎盘）进化枝的同时多样化。
5. 从食虫性祖先到食肉动物的较高转换频率可能与动物食性（基于蛋白质的）饮食梯度转换所需的少量解剖，生理和分子变化有关，而向食草性（碳水化合物）转换所需的主要变化却与之相反。基于饮食）。美洲和大洋洲有袋动物之间饮食结构的不同演化模式可以至少部分地由各地区有袋动物在其平行的进化史中相互作用的根本不同的动物区系来解释。