1. Resilient pollination services depend on sufficient abundance of pollinating insects over time. Currently, however, most knowledge about the status and trends of pollinators is based on changes in pollinator species richness and distribution only. 2. Systematic, long‐term monitoring of pollinators is urgently needed to provide baseline information on their status, to identify the drivers of declines and to inform suitable response measures. 3. Power analysis was used to determine the number of sites required to detect a 30% change in pollinator populations over 10 years. We then evaluated the full economic costs of implementing four national monitoring schemes in the UK: (a) professional pollinator monitoring, (b) professional pollination service monitoring, (c) volunteer collected pan traps and (d) volunteer focal floral observations. These costs were compared to (a) the costs of implementing separate, expert‐designed research and monitoring networks and (b) the economic benefits of pollination services threatened by pollinator loss. 4. Estimated scheme costs ranged from £6,159/year for a 75‐site volunteer focal flower observation scheme to £2.7 M/year for an 800‐site professional pollination service monitoring network. The estimated research costs saved using the site network as research infrastructure range from £1.46–4.17 M/year. The economic value of UK crop yield lost following a 30% decline in pollinators was estimated at ~£188 M/year. 5. Synthesis and applications. We evaluated the full costs of running pollinator monitoring schemes against the economic benefits to research and society they provide. The annual costs of monitoring are <0.02% of the economic value of pollination services that would be lost after a 30% decline in pollination services. Furthermore, by providing high‐quality scientific data, monitoring schemes would save at least £1.5 on data collection per £1 spent. Our findings demonstrate that long‐term systematic monitoring can be a cost‐effective tool for both answering key research questions and setting action points for policymakers. Careful consideration must be given to scheme design, the logistics of national‐scale implementation and resulting data quality when selecting the most appropriate combination of surveyors, methods and site networks to deliver a successful scheme.

中文翻译：

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传粉者监测不仅仅是为自己付出代价

1. 弹性授粉服务依赖于随着时间的推移授粉昆虫的充足数量。然而，目前关于传粉媒介状态和趋势的大部分知识仅基于传粉媒介物种丰富度和分布的变化。2. 迫切需要对授粉媒介进行系统、长期的监测，以提供有关其状况的基线信息，确定数量下降的驱动因素，并为适当的应对措施提供信息。3. 功效分析用于确定检测传粉媒介种群 10 年内 30% 变化所需的站点数量。然后，我们评估了在英国实施四个国家监测计划的全部经济成本：(a) 专业授粉媒介监测，(b) 专业授粉服务监测，(c) 志愿者收集的泛诱捕器和 (d) 志愿者重点花卉观察。将这些成本与（a）实施独立的、专家设计的研究和监测网络的成本以及（b）受授粉媒介损失威胁的授粉服务的经济效益进行比较。4. 估计计划成本从 75 个站点的志愿者焦点花卉观察计划的 6,159 英镑/年到 800 个站点的专业授粉服务监测网络的 270 万英镑/年不等。使用站点网络作为研究基础设施节省的研究成本估计为 1.46-417 万英镑/年。传粉媒介减少 30% 后，英国作物产量的经济价值损失估计约为 1.88 亿英镑/年。5. 合成与应用。我们根据它们为研究和社会提供的经济效益评估了运行传粉媒介监测计划的全部成本。年度监测成本<0。02% 的授粉服务经济价值将在授粉服务下降 30% 后损失。此外，通过提供高质量的科学数据，监测计划每花费 1 英镑可节省至少 1.5 英镑的数据收集费用。我们的研究结果表明，长期系统监测可以成为回答关键研究问题和为政策制定者设定行动点的具有成本效益的工具。在选择最合适的测量员、方法和现场网络的组合以交付成功的方案时，必须仔细考虑方案设计、全国范围实施的后勤和由此产生的数据质量。每花费 1 英镑的数据收集 5。我们的研究结果表明，长期系统监测可以成为回答关键研究问题和为政策制定者设定行动点的具有成本效益的工具。在选择最合适的测量员、方法和站点网络的组合以交付成功的方案时，必须仔细考虑方案设计、全国范围内实施的后勤和由此产生的数据质量。每花费 1 英镑的数据收集 5。我们的研究结果表明，长期系统监测可以成为回答关键研究问题和为政策制定者设定行动点的具有成本效益的工具。在选择最合适的测量员、方法和现场网络的组合以交付成功的方案时，必须仔细考虑方案设计、全国范围实施的后勤和由此产生的数据质量。