Hatcheries release >4.5 billion juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) into the North Pacific Ocean annually, raising concerns about competition with wild salmon populations. We used retrospective scale analysis to investigate how the growth of chum salmon (O. keta) from western Alaska is affected by the abundance of chum salmon from Japanese hatcheries and wild pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) from the Russian Far East. Over nearly five decades, the growth of Kuskokwim River chum salmon was negatively correlated with the abundance of Japanese hatchery chum salmon after accounting for the effects of sex and spring/summer sea‐surface temperature in the Bering Sea. An effect of wild eastern Kamchatka pink salmon abundance on the growth of Kuskokwim River salmon was detectable but modest compared to the intraspecific competitive effect. A decrease in Japanese hatchery chum salmon releases in 2011–2013 was not associated with increased growth of Bering Sea chum salmon. However, the abundance of wild chum salmon from the Russian Far East increased during that time, possibly obscuring reduced competition with hatchery chum salmon. Our results support previous evidence that chum salmon are affected by intraspecific competition, and to a lesser extent interspecific competition, in the North Pacific, underscoring that the effects of salmon hatchery production transcend national boundaries.

中文翻译：

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堪察加东部粉红鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha）和日本chum鲑鱼（O. keta）的密度依赖性效应对阿拉斯加西部鲑鱼的年龄增长

孵化场每年向北太平洋释放超过45亿只太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus spp。），引起人们对与野生鲑鱼种群竞争的担忧。我们采用回顾性尺度分析研究如何鲑鱼的（增长Ò。 克塔）从阿拉斯加西部由丰日本孵化场和野生鲑鱼的粉红色（鲑鱼的影响Ø。  gorbuscha）来自俄罗斯远东地区。在将近50年的时间里，考虑到性别和白令海的春季和夏季海表温度的影响，Kuskokwim河密苏里鲑的生长与日本孵化场密苏里鲑的丰富度呈负相关。堪察加野生东部粉红鲑鱼丰度对Kuskokwim河鲑鱼生长的影响是可检测到的，但与种内竞争作用相比是中等的。2011-2013年日本孵化场鲑鱼释放量的减少与白令海鲑鱼的生长增加无关。但是，在此期间，来自俄罗斯远东地区的野生密苏里鲑鱼数量增加了，这可能掩盖了与孵化密苏里鲑鱼竞争的减少。我们的结果支持以前的证据，即鲑鱼受到种内竞争的影响，