A major challenge in neurobiology in the 21st century is to understand how the brain adapts with experience. Activity-dependent gene expression is integral to the synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory; however, this process cannot be explained by a simple linear trajectory of transcription to translation within a specific neuronal population. Many other regulatory mechanisms can influence RNA metabolism and the capacity of neurons to adapt. In particular, the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has recently been shown to regulate RNA processing through alternative splicing, RNA stability, and translation. Here, we discuss the emerging idea that m6A could also coordinate the transport, localization, and local translation of key mRNAs in learning and memory and expand on the notion of dynamic functional RNA states in the brain.

中文翻译：

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RNA N6-甲基腺苷与脑中 RNA 定位和功能的调节

21 世纪神经生物学的一个主要挑战是了解大脑如何适应经验。活动依赖性基因表达是学习和记忆基础的突触可塑性不可或缺的一部分；然而，这个过程不能用特定神经元群内转录到翻译的简单线性轨迹来解释。许多其他调节机制可以影响 RNA 代谢和神经元的适应能力。特别是，RNA 修饰 N6-甲基腺苷 (m6A) 最近已被证明通过选择性剪接、RNA 稳定性和翻译来调节 RNA 加工。在这里，我们讨论了 m6A 还可以协调学习和记忆中关键 mRNA 的运输、定位和局部翻译的新兴想法，并扩展了大脑中动态功能性 RNA 状态的概念。