Abstract A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of plastic mulch (PM) and fertilization methods (FMs) on marketable yield (MY) and environmental impact of spring cabbage production. The trial consisted of two levels of mulching (without and with PM) and nine different FMs, including the control without fertilization (FM1). PM use without fertilization (FM1) increased yields by 35.9 % on average, but the positive yield effect of mulching decreased with fertilizer application (FM2–9). Mature cattle manure, composted pig manure and mineral fertilizer increased yields by 21.2 %, 60.6 % and 51.5 %, respectively. Combined fertilization gave higher yield up to 73.3 % compared to the control (FM1). The environmental impact was evaluated with the ReCiPe 2016 (H) life cycle impact assessment method. The foreground system was modeled mainly using primary data, while background system data were available from the ecoinvent 3.4 generic LCI database. On average across the nine FMs, the application of PM reduced water consumption (23 %), non-carcinogenic toxicity (25 %), terrestrial acidification (4 %), and required land area (11 %), but increased fossil resource scarcity (8 %), global warming (6 %) and fine particulate matter emissions (14 %). PM application had positive impacts on ecosystem quality, but regarding human health and resources availability, positive impacts were found only in the control (FM1). Negative environmental impact of PM was the consequence of large amounts of energy used for its production and hazardous emissions through PM disposal. On-site burning of PM under uncontrolled, open burn conditions should be avoided because of negative health impacts. Landfilling and combustion of PM in incinerators with energy recovery could reduce impacts of cabbage production on human health by 16 and 21 %, respectively, as compared to on-site burning. Fertilizer use was environmentally justified as damage indicators were lower on a MY basis compared to the control treatment without fertilization (by 18 %–44 %).

中文翻译：

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地膜施肥对春白菜生产环境影响的影响

摘要 进行了为期三年的田间试验，以确定地膜 (PM) 和施肥方法 (FM) 对春卷心菜生产的可销售产量 (MY) 和环境影响的影响。该试验包括两个水平的覆盖（无和有 PM）和九种不同的 FM，包括不施肥的对照 (FM1)。不施肥的 PM 使用 (FM1) 平均增加了 35.9% 的产量，但覆盖的正产量效应随着施肥 (FM2-9) 降低。成熟牛粪、堆肥猪粪和矿物肥料分别使产量提高了 21.2%、60.6% 和 51.5%。与对照 (FM1) 相比，联合施肥的产量高达 73.3%。环境影响采用 ReCiPe 2016 (H) 生命周期影响评估方法进行评估。前台系统主要使用原始数据建模，而后台系统数据可从ecoinvent 3.4 通用LCI 数据库中获得。平均而言，在九个 FM 中，PM 的应用减少了耗水量 (23%)、非致癌毒性 (25%)、陆地酸化 (4%) 和所需土地面积 (11%)，但增加了化石资源的稀缺性（ 8 %)、全球变暖 (6 %) 和细颗粒物排放 (14 %)。PM 应用对生态系统质量有积极影响，但在人类健康和资源可用性方面，仅在对照（FM1）中发现了积极影响。PM 的负面环境影响是大量能源用于其生产和通过 PM 处置排放有害物质的结果。PM 不受控制的现场燃烧，由于负面健康影响，应避免露天烧伤条件。与现场燃烧相比，垃圾填埋和焚烧炉中 PM 的能量回收燃烧可以分别将卷心菜生产对人类健康的影响减少 16% 和 21%。肥料的使用在环境上是合理的，因为与不施肥的对照处理相比，以 MY 为基础的损害指标较低（低 18%–44%）。