Recent high-dimensional technologies have enabled the characterization of heterogeneity in the neutrophil compartment at an unprecedented resolution. In this review, we discuss the emerging notion of heterogeneity within the neutrophil pool, and provide a detailed account of evolving concepts in the field. We place special focus on neutrophil differentiation in the bone marrow and plasticity in tissues, describe the limitations that arise when exploring neutrophil heterogeneity using single-cell analyses, and suggest state-of-the-art alternatives to improve their characterization. Finally, we propose strategies arising from these new concepts that may allow us to bridle neutrophil plasticity towards therapeutic benefit.

最近的高维技术能够以前所未有的分辨率表征中性粒细胞区室的异质性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中性粒细胞池中新出现的异质性概念，并详细介绍了该领域不断发展的概念。我们特别关注骨髓中的中性粒细胞分化和组织的可塑性，描述了使用单细胞分析探索中性粒细胞异质性时出现的局限性，并提出了最先进的替代方案来改善其表征。最后，我们提出了由这些新概念产生的策略，这些策略可能使我们能够将中性粒细胞的可塑性限制在治疗效果上。