The sustainable development of agricultural systems where nutrients and water are recycled to a high degree is of enormous importance. Traditional aquaponics, where fish and plants are cultivated in one recirculating system, addresses these ecological challenges, but still struggles with its economical feasibility. Decoupled multi-loop aquaponics systems, in which the aquaculture and hydroponics subsystems are running autonomously, proved that they can keep up with the productivity of state-of-the-art hydroponics systems or even outscore them. Yet, a problem of such decoupled aquaponics systems was that plants require a high nutrient concentration, whereas fish prefer rather a clean water. In practice, the opposite is happening as the nutrients are added to the aquaculture units through the feed. This paper optimizes a recent approach showing that desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis, can play an important role in reversing the concentrations within such systems without killing beneficial plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria thermally. The proposed integrated systems approach has the potential to make both periodical nutrient and water discharges and excessive fertilizer supplementation obsolete that would otherwise be necessary to maintain good water quality for the fish and an optimal nutrient solution for the plants.

高度回收养分和水的农业系统的可持续发展至关重要。在一个循环系统中养殖鱼类和植物的传统鱼菜共生技术解决了这些生态挑战，但仍在经济可行性方面苦苦挣扎。水产养殖和水培子系统在其中独立运行的解耦多回路水培系统证明，它们可以跟上最先进的水培系统的生产力，甚至超过它们。然而，这样的非共性鱼菜共生系统的一个问题是植物需要高的营养浓度，而鱼则更喜欢干净的水。实际上，情况恰恰相反，因为营养是通过饲料添加到水产养殖单位中的。本文对最近的方法进行了优化，显示出脱盐技术（例如反渗透）可以在不破坏有益植物生长的情况下，在逆转此类系统中的浓度方面发挥重要作用，从而可以热促进根瘤菌。拟议的综合系统方法有可能使定期的养分和水排放以及过多的肥料补充过时，否则这对于维持鱼的良好水质和植物的最佳养分溶液将是必要的。