Simulation models of pedestrian dynamics have become an invaluable tool for evacuation planning. Typically, crowds are assumed to stream unidirectionally towards a safe area. Simulated agents avoid collisions through mechanisms that belong to each individual, such as being repelled from each other by imaginary forces. But classic locomotion models fail when collective cooperation is called for, notably when an agent, say a first-aid attendant, needs to forge a path through a densely packed group. We present a controlled experiment to observe what happens when humans pass through a dense static crowd. We formulate and test hypotheses on salient phenomena. We discuss our observations in a psychological framework. We derive a model that incorporates: agents’ perception and cognitive processing of a situation that needs cooperation; selection from a portfolio of behaviours, such as being cooperative; and a suitable action, such as swapping places. Agents’ ability to successfully get through a dense crowd emerges as an effect of the psychological model.

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基于代理的集体合作模拟：从实验到模型

行人动力学仿真模型已成为疏散规划的宝贵工具。通常，假设人群单向流向安全区域。模拟代理通过属于每个人的机制避免碰撞，例如通过想象的力量相互排斥。但是当需要集体合作时，经典的运动模型就会失败，特别是当一个代理人，比如急救人员，需要在一个密集的群体中开辟一条路径时。我们提出了一个受控实验来观察当人类穿过密集的静态人群时会发生什么。我们针对显着现象制定和测试假设。我们在心理框架中讨论我们的观察。我们推导出一个模型，其中包含：代理对需要合作的情况的感知和认知处理；从一系列行为中进行选择，例如合作；以及适当的动作，例如交换位置。代理成功通过密集人群的能力是心理模型的一种效果。