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Local adaptation from afar: migratory bird populations diverge in the initiation of reproductive timing while wintering in sympatry
Biology Letters ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0493
S M Wanamaker 1, 2 , D Singh 1, 2 , A J Byrd 2 , T M Smiley 2 , E D Ketterson 1, 2
Affiliation  

The initiation of reproduction in many seasonally breeding animals is controlled by photoperiod and tends to be clinal: populations at higher latitudes breed later than those at lower latitudes, often reflecting a higher photoperiodic threshold. Migratory animals presumably time reproduction to match conditions at their breeding grounds, at least in part, by cues perceived on their wintering grounds. We asked how closely related dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) populations that overwinter in sympatry but breed in allopatry respond to their shared winter environment by comparing early spring indices of readiness to migrate (fat and muscle condition) and breed (baseline and elevated testosterone). We measured stable hydrogen isotopes from feathers grown the preceding year and claws grown during winter to estimate breeding and wintering latitudes, respectively. We predicted that if reproductive initiation is adapted to the emergence of resources at their respective breeding destinations, then birds migrating to higher latitudes (slate-coloured junco; J. h. hyemalis) should delay breeding as compared with those migrating to lower latitudes (pink-sided junco; J. h. mearnsi) despite a common overwinter environment. We found higher testosterone in pink-sided juncos, consistent with earlier reproductive initiation, suggesting local adaptation in reproductive phenology is achieved through differential responses to predictive environmental cues.



中文翻译:

远方的本地适应:候鸟种群在繁殖时间开始时发生分歧,而同感越冬

许多季节性繁殖动物的繁殖开始受光周期控制,并趋于临床:高纬度地区的种群比低纬度地区的种群繁殖晚,通常反映了更高的光周期阈值。据推测,迁徙动物的繁殖时间与繁殖地的条件相匹配,至少部分是通过在越冬地感知到的线索。我们询问了与黑眼 junco ( Junco hyemalis)通过比较早春迁徙准备指数(脂肪和肌肉状况)和繁殖(基线和升高的睾酮),在同种异养中越冬但在同种异种中繁殖的种群对其共同的冬季环境做出反应。我们测量了前一年生长的羽毛和冬季生长的爪子的稳定氢同位素,以分别估计繁殖和越冬的纬度。我们预测,如果繁殖开始适应各自繁殖目的地资源的出现,那么与迁徙到低纬度的鸟类(粉红色)相比,迁徙到高纬度地区的鸟类(石板色 junco;J. h. hyemalis)应该推迟繁殖双面junco; J. h. mearnsi) 尽管有共同的越冬环境。我们在粉红色的 juncos 中发现更高的睾丸激素,与早期的生殖开始一致,这表明生殖物候的局部适应是通过对预测性环境线索的不同反应来实现的。

更新日期:2020-10-07
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