Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration number: NCT04143971 .

中文翻译：

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间歇性与连续性热量限制对超重或肥胖和轻度至中度高甘油三酯血症受试者体重和心脏代谢风险标志物的影响：一项随机试验

间歇性热量限制 (ICR) 是一种控制体重的新型饮食限制方法，具有改善肥胖相关心脏代谢标志物的潜力，但这种饮食对高甘油三酯血症 (HTG) 受试者的影响仍然未知。88 名超重或肥胖和轻度至中度 HTG 的受试者被随机分配到持续卡路里限制 (CCR) 组或 ICR 组（每周 3 天的极低卡路里饮食）8 周（44 名患者）每组）。在基线和 8 周后测量身体成分、血脂、葡萄糖、胰岛素、脂联素和肝酶。进行了意向治疗分析。两组的体重均下降（CCR 组为 4.07 ± 1.83 kg，ICR 组为 4.57 ± 2.21 kg），组间无显着差异。两组在脂肪量、去脂量和腰围减少量方面无显着差异。两组均在 8 周后实现血浆甘油三酯的显着降低（ICR 和 CCR 组分别降低 15.6% 和 6.3%），治疗组之间没有差异。与 CCR 组相比，ICR 的 HOMA-IR 显着改善（P = 0.03）。血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肝酶和脂联素在两组之间没有差异。这项短期研究的结果表明，每周 3 天的 ICR 饮食与 CCR 饮食在降低 HTG 患者的甘油三酯水平方面具有可比性，并且在短期内似乎比连续饮食更有效改善胰岛素抵抗。然而，需要更长期的研究来证实这些发现。试用注册号：NCT04143971。