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Manila River Mouths Act as Temporary Sinks for Macroplastic Pollution
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.545812
Tim van Emmerik , Justin van Klaveren , Lourens J. J. Meijer , Joost W. Krooshof , Dixie Ann A. Palmos , Maria Antonia Tanchuling

The Philippines is suggested to be one of the world's main contributors to global marine plastic pollution. Several rivers in the Manila metropolitan area are assumed to be main pathways of land-based plastic waste into the ocean. However, these model estimates remain uncertain due to a lack of field data. The main goal of this study was therefore to collect field data on floating macroplastic flux and polymer category in three of Manila's main rivers: the Meycauayan, Tullahan and Pasig. We measured plastic flux, item polymer category, and flow velocity at two locations per river during an 11-day period. Each river was measured close to the river mouth, and several kilometer upstream. The results showed no significant difference between the plastic flux in upstream and downstream flow direction at the three river mouths. The Meycauayan and Pasig rivers did have significantly higher plastic flux at the river mouth compared to the upstream location. The observations suggest accumulation of macroplastics in the river mouths during periods of low freshwater discharge. In this case, instantaneous plastic flux is mainly determined by the tidal dynamics. It is hypothesized that plastics are temporarily retained in estuaries, and may be flushed out during neap tide or increased river discharge. Due to the retention capacity of the estuaries, net plastic export into the ocean could not be estimated. Future research is needed to further investigate the role of tidal dynamics on the transport and net export of riverine macroplastics.

中文翻译:

马尼拉河口成为大塑料污染的临时汇

菲律宾被认为是全球海洋塑料污染的主要来源之一。马尼拉大都市区的几条河流被认为是陆上塑料垃圾进入海洋的主要途径。然而,由于缺乏现场数据,这些模型估计仍然不确定。因此,本研究的主要目标是在马尼拉的三个主要河流:Meycauayan、Tullahan 和 Pasig 收集有关浮动大塑料通量和聚合物类别的现场数据。我们在 11 天的时间内测量了每条河流两个位置的塑料通量、项目聚合物类别和流速。每条河流都在靠近河口和上游数公里处测量。结果表明,三个河口的上下游流动方向的塑性通量没有显着差异。与上游位置相比,Meycauayan 和 Pasig 河在河口的塑料通量明显更高。观察结果表明,在淡水排放量较低的时期,大塑料在河口中积累。在这种情况下,瞬时塑性通量主要由潮汐动力学决定。据推测,塑料暂时滞留在河口,可能会在小潮或河流流量增加时被冲走。由于河口的滞留能力,无法估计进入海洋的净塑料出口量。需要进一步研究潮汐动力学对河流大塑料运输和净出口的作用。观察结果表明,在淡水排放量较低的时期,大塑料在河口中积累。在这种情况下,瞬时塑性通量主要由潮汐动力学决定。据推测,塑料暂时滞留在河口,可能会在小潮或河流流量增加时被冲走。由于河口的滞留能力,无法估计进入海洋的净塑料出口量。需要进一步研究潮汐动力学对河流大塑料运输和净出口的作用。观察结果表明,在淡水排放量较低的时期,大塑料在河口中积累。在这种情况下,瞬时塑性通量主要由潮汐动力学决定。据推测,塑料暂时滞留在河口,可能会在小潮或河流流量增加时被冲走。由于河口的滞留能力,无法估计进入海洋的净塑料出口量。需要进一步研究潮汐动力学对河流大塑料运输和净出口的作用。可能会在小潮或河流流量增加时被冲走。由于河口的滞留能力,无法估计进入海洋的净塑料出口量。需要进一步研究潮汐动力学对河流大塑料运输和净出口的作用。可能会在小潮或河流流量增加时被冲走。由于河口的滞留能力,无法估计进入海洋的净塑料出口量。需要进一步研究潮汐动力学对河流大塑料运输和净出口的作用。
更新日期:2020-10-07
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