A set of core features is set forth as the essence of a thermodynamic description, which derive from large-deviation properties in systems with hierarchies of timescales, but which are not dependent upon conservation laws or microscopic reversibility in the substrate hosting the process. The most fundamental elements are the concept of a macrostate in relation to the large-deviation entropy, and the decomposition of contributions to irreversibility among interacting subsystems, which is the origin of the dependence on a concept of heat in both classical and stochastic thermodynamics. A natural decomposition that is known to exist, into a relative entropy and a housekeeping entropy rate, is taken here to define respectively the intensive thermodynamics of a system and an extensive thermodynamic vector embedding the system in its context. Both intensive and extensive components are functions of Hartley information of the momentary system stationary state, which is information about the joint effect of system processes on its contribution to irreversibility. Results are derived for stochastic chemical reaction networks, including a Legendre duality for the housekeeping entropy rate to thermodynamically characterize fully-irreversible processes on an equal footing with those at the opposite limit of detailed-balance. The work is meant to encourage development of inherent thermodynamic descriptions for rule-based systems and the living state, which are not conceived as reductive explanations to heat flows.

中文翻译：

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多级大偏差结构随机种群过程的内在和外在热力学

一组核心特征被阐述为热力学描述的本质，这些特征源自具有时间尺度层次结构的系统中的大偏差特性，但不依赖于守恒定律或承载过程的基材中的微观可逆性。最基本的元素是与大偏差熵相关的宏观状态的概念，以及相互作用子系统之间对不可逆性的贡献的分解，这是经典和随机热力学中对热概念的依赖的起源。已知存在的自然分解为相对熵和内务熵率，这里分别用于定义系统的密集热力学和将系统嵌入其上下文中的扩展热力学向量。密集分量和广延分量都是瞬时系统静止状态的哈特利信息的函数，该信息是关于系统过程对其不可逆性贡献的联合效应的信息。结果是针对随机化学反应网络推导出来的，包括管家熵率的勒让德对偶性，以与处于详细平衡相反极限的过程同等地热力学表征完全不可逆过程。这项工作旨在鼓励对基于规则的系统和生命状态进行内在热力学描述的发展，这些描述不被视为对热流的还原解释。这是关于系统过程对其不可逆性贡献的联合影响的信息。结果是针对随机化学反应网络推导出来的，包括管家熵率的勒让德对偶性，以与处于详细平衡相反极限的过程同等地热力学表征完全不可逆过程。这项工作旨在鼓励对基于规则的系统和生命状态进行内在热力学描述的发展，这些描述不被视为对热流的还原解释。这是关于系统过程对其不可逆性贡献的联合影响的信息。结果是针对随机化学反应网络推导出来的，包括管家熵率的勒让德对偶性，以与处于详细平衡相反极限的过程同等地热力学表征完全不可逆过程。这项工作旨在鼓励对基于规则的系统和生命状态进行内在热力学描述的发展，这些描述不被视为对热流的还原解释。