The aim of this article is to review the fast and worldwide distribution of ESBL enzymes and to describe the role of the pork production chain as a reservoir and transmission route of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs in the European Union (EU). The use of β-lactam antibiotics in swine production and the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs and pork meat across Europe is analyzed. Overall, an increasing trend in the prevalence of presumptive ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs in the EU has been observed in the last decade, although with major differences among countries, linked to different approaches in the use of antimicrobials in pork production within the EU. Moreover, the various dissemination pathways of these bacteria along the pork production chain are described, along with factors at farm and slaughterhouse level influencing the risk of introducing or spreading ESBL producing bacteria throughout the food chain.

中文翻译：

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超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL) 在欧盟的猪和猪肉中产生大肠杆菌

本文的目的是回顾 ESBL 酶在全球范围内的快速分布，并描述猪肉生产链作为欧盟 (EU)产 ESBL大肠杆菌和 ESBL 的储存库和传播途径的作用。分析了欧洲养猪业中 β-内酰胺类抗生素的使用情况以及育肥猪和猪肉中产ESBL 大肠杆菌的流行情况。总体而言，在过去十年中，欧盟育肥猪中推定产 ESBL 的大肠杆菌的患病率呈上升趋势，尽管各国之间存在重大差异，这与欧盟内部猪肉生产中使用抗菌药物的不同方法有关。欧洲联盟。此外，还描述了这些细菌在猪肉生产链中的各种传播途径，以及农场和屠宰场层面影响在整个食物链中引入或传播产 ESBL 细菌风险的因素。