ABSTRACT

Nanomaterials (Nms) applications and environmental deposition are continuously increasing. Aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) fate in soil, both from gamma alumina-based Nms and as chloride salts were evaluted through lysimeters. After 85 days of treatment, which included irrigation and collection of eluates, the soil of each lysimeter was divided into four sections. The metal concentration was analyzed in eluates, soil samples, and extracts. Al and iron (Fe) present in soil eluted from Control lysimeter. Al from Nms suspension treatment was quantified in the eluates since 30 days on. Ni eluted upon solid salt deposition on top of one device. These results indicate that Al and Ni applied under certain conditions on soil, could leach and reach groundwater. The total concentration and bioavailability (extractable metals) of Al and Fe in soils showed similar patterns. Ni was retained only in the soil of devices treated with chloride salts. Bioavailability % results were of concern for Ni under certain conditions of treatment: 15.57% and 11.08% in two chloride salt-treated lysimeters versus 0.55% and 0.47% of those in control and treated with Nms lysimeters. Conducting studies with different kinds of soil and longer treatment periods should be useful to understand Nms-metals fate in the environment. The results presented here constitute important evidences both for significant metal release from Nms and elution and for considerable Ni bioavailability, after deposition on soil in the form of Nms or as a chloride salt, respectively. Then, possible toxic effects could occur through exposure of aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

摘要

纳米材料（Nms）的应用和环境沉积在不断增加。通过溶渗仪评估了土壤中铝（Al）和镍（Ni）的命运，它们来自基于γ氧化铝的Nms和作为氯化物盐。经过85天的处理（包括灌溉和洗出液的收集），将每个蒸渗仪的土壤分为四个部分。分析洗脱液，土壤样品和提取物中的金属浓度。从对照溶渗仪洗脱的土壤中存在的铝和铁（Fe）。自30天以来，对Nms悬浮液处理中的Al进行定量。当固体盐沉积在一个设备顶部时，Ni洗脱。这些结果表明，Al和Ni在一定条件下施用到土壤中可能渗出并到达地下水。土壤中铝和铁的总浓度和生物利用度（可萃取金属）表现出相似的模式。Ni仅保留在用氯化物盐处理过的设备的土壤中。在某些处理条件下，Ni的生物利用度百分比结果令人关注：在两个用氯化物盐处理过的测渗仪中分别为15.57％和11.08％，而在用Nms测渗仪处理的对照中分别为0.55％和0.47％。用不同种类的土壤和更长的处理时间进行研究对于了解Nms金属在环境中的命运应该是有用的。此处给出的结果分别为以Nms形式或以氯化物盐形式沉积在土壤中后从Nms释放出大量金属和洗脱以及大量Ni的生物利用度的重要证据。然后，