Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess contamination and potential human health risks of heavy metals in street dust from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H). In total, 117 street dust samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Health risk assessment was applied to determine potential health risks, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, in children and adults. According to mass concentrations of studied trace metals, the dust samples were arranged as the following diminishing series: industrial zone > high traffic streets > streets with moderate traffic > parking place > parks, school yards, sports facilities, medical facilities. Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn mean concentrations are 3.18, 33.17, 30.01, 3150, 236, 73.00, 52.49 and 81.72 mg/kg, respectively. In order to identify possible metals sources correlation analysis was applied. Strong correlations between Cd-Mn, Fe-Mn, Ni-Cr, and Cr-Fe were obtained, suggesting a common dependence or source of these metals in street dust in FB&H. Contributor that most impact the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is the ingestion route for both, children and adults, followed by the dermal and inhalation pathways. The risk assessment shows that the population of FB&H is at increased lifetime risk of experiencing cancer because of exposure to Cr and Pb concentrations in street dust of FB&H.

摘要

这项研究的目的是评估波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦（FB＆H）街道尘埃中重金属的污染和对人类健康的潜在风险。总计，通过火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）分析了117个街道粉尘样品中的Cd，Cr，Cu，Fe，Mn，Ni，Pb和Zn。健康风险评估用于确定儿童和成人的潜在健康风险，非致癌和致癌风险。根据所研究的痕量金属的质量浓度，粉尘样品按以下递减顺序排列：工业区>高流量街道>交通中等的街道>停车位>公园，校园，体育设施，医疗设施。Cd，Cr，Cu，Fe，Mn，Ni，Pb和Zn的平均浓度分别为3.18、33.17、30.01、3150、236、73.00、52.49和81.72 mg / kg，分别。为了确定可能的金属来源，应用了相关分析。Cd-Mn，Fe-Mn，Ni-Cr和Cr-Fe之间具有很强的相关性，表明FB＆H街道尘埃中这些金属的共同依赖性或来源。对致癌和非致癌风险影响最大的因素是儿童和成人的摄入途径，其次是皮肤和吸入途径。风险评估表明，由于暴露于FB＆H街道尘埃中的Cr和Pb浓度，FB＆H人群终生罹患癌症的风险增加。对致癌和非致癌风险影响最大的因素是儿童和成人的摄入途径，其次是皮肤和吸入途径。风险评估表明，由于暴露于FB＆H街道粉尘中的Cr和Pb浓度，FB＆H人群终生罹患癌症的风险增加。对致癌和非致癌风险影响最大的因素是儿童和成人的摄入途径，其次是皮肤和吸入途径。风险评估表明，由于暴露于FB＆H街道粉尘中的Cr和Pb浓度，FB＆H人群终生罹患癌症的风险增加。