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Molecular (moment‐to‐moment) and molar (aggregate) analyses of behavior
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1002/jeab.626 Charles P Shimp 1
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1002/jeab.626 Charles P Shimp 1
Affiliation
Ten meanings or usages of the terms molecular and molar analyses are based on (1) numbers of responses, (2) durations of activities, (3) levels, (4) scales, (5) contiguity versus correlation, (6) behavioral standards, (7) function with or without structure, (8) local versus global phenomena, and (9) control by shaping of sequential moment‐to‐moment behavior. These usages reveal divisive viewpoints along with ambiguities in the Law of Effect, the definition of an operant, response strength, response probability, random behavior, time allocation, shaping, controlled versus uncontrolled operants, and roles for ordinary language. Usage 10 is less divisive and combines, and in that sense unifies, molecular behavior, defined as shaped moment‐to‐moment sequential behaving, and molar, defined as averages of aggregates of those shaped responses. It combines shaping, that establishes and changes operant behaviors, and strengthening that changes the amounts of those shaped behaviors. I conclude that general behavioral theory will combine strengthening with such methods as parametric, hybrid, or nonparametric shaping, and will use computational methods to simulate moment‐to‐moment behavior streams from which any aggregates of theoretical interest may be computed. Such a synthesis may not require different levels, scales, or new scientific paradigms.
中文翻译:
行为的分子(瞬间)和摩尔(聚合)分析
分子和摩尔术语的十种含义或用法分析基于 (1) 响应数量、(2) 活动持续时间、(3) 水平、(4) 尺度、(5) 连续性与相关性、(6) 行为标准、(7) 有或没有结构的功能, (8) 局部与全局现象,以及 (9) 通过塑造连续的瞬间行为来控制。这些用法揭示了分歧的观点以及效应定律、操作数的定义、响应强度、响应概率、随机行为、时间分配、塑造、受控与不受控制的操作数以及普通语言的角色中的歧义。用法 10 的分裂性较小,并且在这个意义上将分子行为(定义为成形的时刻到时刻的顺序行为)和摩尔(定义为这些成形响应的聚合的平均值)结合起来,并在这个意义上统一了。它结合了造型,建立和改变操作性行为,强化改变那些塑造行为的数量。我的结论是,一般行为理论将强化与参数、混合或非参数整形等方法相结合,并将使用计算方法来模拟瞬间行为流,从中可以计算出任何理论兴趣的聚合。这种综合可能不需要不同的层次、规模或新的科学范式。
更新日期:2020-11-18
中文翻译:
行为的分子(瞬间)和摩尔(聚合)分析
分子和摩尔术语的十种含义或用法分析基于 (1) 响应数量、(2) 活动持续时间、(3) 水平、(4) 尺度、(5) 连续性与相关性、(6) 行为标准、(7) 有或没有结构的功能, (8) 局部与全局现象,以及 (9) 通过塑造连续的瞬间行为来控制。这些用法揭示了分歧的观点以及效应定律、操作数的定义、响应强度、响应概率、随机行为、时间分配、塑造、受控与不受控制的操作数以及普通语言的角色中的歧义。用法 10 的分裂性较小,并且在这个意义上将分子行为(定义为成形的时刻到时刻的顺序行为)和摩尔(定义为这些成形响应的聚合的平均值)结合起来,并在这个意义上统一了。它结合了造型,建立和改变操作性行为,强化改变那些塑造行为的数量。我的结论是,一般行为理论将强化与参数、混合或非参数整形等方法相结合,并将使用计算方法来模拟瞬间行为流,从中可以计算出任何理论兴趣的聚合。这种综合可能不需要不同的层次、规模或新的科学范式。