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Sex differences in the neurochemistry of frontal cortex: Impact of early life stress
Journal of Neurochemistry ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15208
Christina J Perry 1, 2 , Erin J Campbell 1, 2 , Katherine D Drummond 1, 2 , Jeremy S Lum 3 , Jee Hyun Kim 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

Traumatic events during early life have been linked with later life psychopathology. To understand this risk factor, researchers have studied the effects of prenatal and postnatal early life stress on neurochemical changes. Here we review the rodent literature on sex differences and sex-specific impact of early life stress on frontal cortex neurochemistry. This region is implicated in regulating motivation and emotion, which are often disrupted in psychological disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in particular is one of the last brain regions to develop, and there are sex differences in the rate of this development. To draw direct comparisons between sexes, our review of the literature was restricted to studies where the effects of prenatal or postnatal stress had been described in male and female littermates. This literature included research describing glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), corticosteroids, monoamines, and cannabinoids. We found that sex-dependent effects of stress are mediated by the age at which stress is experienced, age at test, and type of stress endured. More research is required, particularly into the effects of adolescent stress on male and female littermates. We hope that a greater understanding of sex-specific susceptibilities in response to stress across development will help to uncover risk factors for psychological disorders in vulnerable populations.

中文翻译:

额叶皮层神经化学中的性别差异:早期生活压力的影响

早年的创伤事件与晚年的精神病理学有关。为了了解这一危险因素,研究人员研究了产前和产后早期生活压力对神经化学变化的影响。在这里,我们回顾关于啮齿动物的性别差异和早期应激对额叶皮层神经化学的性别特异性影响。该区域与调节动机和情绪有关,而动机和情绪通常在心理障碍中受到干扰。前额叶皮层(PFC)特别是最后一个要发育的大脑区域之一,并且发育速度存在性别差异。为了进行性别之间的直接比较,我们对文献的回顾仅限于描述了男女同窝的产前或产后压力影响的研究。这些文献包括描述谷氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),皮质类固醇,单胺和大麻素的研究。我们发现,压力的性别依赖性效应是由经历压力的年龄,测试年龄和承受的压力类型介导的。需要更多的研究,特别是青春期压力对男性和女性同窝仔的影响。我们希望,对应对发展压力的性别敏感性的更多了解,将有助于发现弱势人群心理障碍的危险因素。特别是青春期压力对男性和女性同窝仔的影响。我们希望,对应对发展压力的性别敏感性的更多了解,将有助于发现弱势人群心理障碍的危险因素。特别是青春期压力对男性和女性同窝仔的影响。我们希望,对应对发展压力的性别敏感性的更多了解,将有助于发现弱势人群心理障碍的危险因素。
更新日期:2020-10-07
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