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The depositional signature of cyclic steps: A late Quaternary analogue compared to modern active delta slopes
Sedimentology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-20 , DOI: 10.1111/sed.12806
Jean‐François Ghienne 1 , Alexandre Normandeau 2 , Pierre Dietrich 3, 4 , Melanie Bouysson 1 , Patrick Lajeunesse 5 , Mathieu Schuster 1
Affiliation  

Cyclic‐step bedforms typifying a Froude‐supercritical flow regime are a recurrent component of depositional/erosional turbiditic systems. Over modern delta slopes, cyclic steps have been inferred from observations of upslope‐migrating crescent‐shaped bedforms. However, the recognition in the sedimentary record of the resulting stratal pattern and depositional facies remains challenging. In this study, the depositional facies observed in exposed late Quaternary glaciofluvial upper delta‐slope sands (Portneuf‐Forestville, Quebec) are compared to those cored from a modern analogue consisting of sediment waves interpreted as cyclic steps (Southwind Fjord, Baffin Island). The fossil and modern delta slopes share similar context, morphology and stratigraphic record. The clinoform foresets dip 2 to 6° and consist of prevailing sand‐sized material including subhorizontal to upslope‐dipping top‐cut‐out turbidites. Individually, the latter are 5 to 20 cm thick and massive to planar laminated (prevailing TA and TB subdivisions). In the fossil delta slope, related successions form relatively thick, well‐bedded suites, which are truncated downcurrent by, and onlap upstreamward on, inclined composite erosion surfaces here referred to as pseudo‐foresets. Pseudo‐foresets are regularly spaced (10 to 30 m) and have dips greater than the clinoform foresets (ca 20°). Large composite scours form pseudo‐channel structures filled in by structureless pebbly sand deformed by sheared flame structures, in association with coarse sand showing undulating lamination and rip‐up clasts. Similar depositional facies are observed on the modern delta slope. The stratal pattern is best compatible with upslope‐migrating bedforms and structureless sand indicates hydraulic jump deposits typical of cyclic steps. Cyclic‐step flow events, encompassing a succession of genetically linked erosional cyclic steps, depositional cyclic steps and subsequent waning‐flow conditions, were associated with the dense basal layer of high‐density (stratified) turbidity currents. They are specifically associated with pseudo‐channel incision and infill. The deposition of well‐bedded suites on the stoss side, occasionally also on the lee side, is interpreted to result from a different type of turbidity current, which decelerated over the bedform stoss and accelerated over the lee sides of pre‐existing cyclic‐step morphologies. Antidunal flow conditions in expanded (non‐stratified) turbidity currents are tentatively suggested, deposition being linked, in this case, to interactions between inherited bedform morphologies and a near‐bed tractive layer. In the resulting dual flow model, the bulk of delta‐slope sands was mainly deposited from turbidity currents not developing a cyclic‐step instability, yet cyclic steps were instrumental in shaping and/or re‐organizing the delta‐slope morphology, bedforms and resulting stratal patterns. In some delta systems, the upslope migration of supercritical crescentic bedforms may not be only due to repetitive cyclic steps but could also result from antidunal turbidity current conditions remobilizing an inherited cyclically‐stepped morphology.

中文翻译:

循环台阶的沉积特征:与现代活动三角洲斜坡相比的晚第四纪类似物

代表弗劳德-超临界流态的循环阶梯床型是沉积/侵蚀浊流系统的循环组成部分。在现代三角洲斜坡上,从对上坡迁移的新月形床型的观察中推断出循环台阶。然而,在沉积记录中识别由此产生的地层模式和沉积相仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中,在暴露的晚第四纪冰川河流上三角洲斜坡砂岩(Portneuf-Forestville,魁北克)中观察到的沉积相与从现代类似物中取芯的沉积相进行了比较,这些沉积相由解释为循环台阶的沉积波组成(南风峡湾,巴芬岛)。化石和现代三角洲斜坡具有相似的背景、形态和地层记录。斜坡前倾倾角 2 到 6°,主要由砂粒大小的物质组成,包括从近水平到上坡倾斜的顶部切除浊积岩。单独地,后者厚 5 至 20 厘米,块状到平面层压(流行的 TA 和 TB 细分)。在化石三角洲斜坡中,相关的层序形成了相对厚的、层状良好的套件,这些套件被这里称为伪林的倾斜复合侵蚀面沿下游截断并向上搭接。假前雨有规律地间隔(10 到 30 m),倾角大于斜坡前雨(约 20°)。大型复合冲刷形成由剪切火焰结构变形的无结构卵石砂填充的伪通道结构,与显示起伏叠层和撕裂碎屑的粗砂相关联。在现代三角洲斜坡上观察到类似的沉积相。地层模式与上坡迁移床型最相容,无结构砂表明典型的循环台阶水跃沉积。循环阶梯流动事件,包括一系列遗传相关的侵蚀循环阶梯、沉积循环阶梯和随后的减弱流动条件,与高密度(分层)浊流的致密基底层有关。它们特别与伪通道切口和填充相关。在托斯侧(偶尔也在背风侧)的良好层状套房的沉积被解释为不同类型的浊流的结果,浊流在床型托上减速并在预先存在的循环台阶的背风侧加速形态。暂时建议了膨胀(非分层)浊流中的逆流条件,在这种情况下,沉积与继承的床形形态和近床牵引层之间的相互作用有关。在得到的双流模型中,大部分三角洲斜坡砂岩主要由浊流沉积,不会产生循环阶梯不稳定,但循环阶梯有助于塑造和/或重组三角洲斜坡形态、床形和由此产生的地层模式。在一些三角洲系统中,超临界新月形床型的上坡迁移可能不仅是由于重复的循环步骤,而且还可能是由于沙丘浊流条件重新激活了遗传的循环阶梯形态而造成的。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 在这种情况下,继承的床型形态与近床牵引层之间的相互作用。在得到的双流模型中,大部分三角洲斜坡砂岩主要由浊流沉积,不会产生循环阶梯不稳定,但循环阶梯有助于塑造和/或重组三角洲斜坡形态、床形和由此产生的地层模式。在一些三角洲系统中,超临界新月形床型的上坡迁移可能不仅是由于重复的循环步骤,而且还可能是由于沙丘浊流条件重新激活了遗传的循环阶梯形态而造成的。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 在这种情况下,继承的床型形态与近床牵引层之间的相互作用。在得到的双流模型中,大部分三角洲斜坡砂岩主要由浊流沉积,不会产生循环阶梯不稳定,但循环阶梯有助于塑造和/或重组三角洲斜坡形态、床形和由此产生的地层模式。在一些三角洲系统中,超临界新月形床体的上坡迁移可能不仅是由于重复的循环步骤,还可能是由于沙丘浊流条件重新激活了遗传的循环阶梯形态。大部分三角洲斜坡砂岩主要是由浊流沉积而成,不会产生循环阶梯不稳定,但循环阶梯有助于塑造和/或重组三角洲斜坡形态、床形和由此产生的地层模式。在一些三角洲系统中,超临界新月形床体的上坡迁移可能不仅是由于重复的循环步骤,还可能是由于沙丘浊流条件重新激活了遗传的循环阶梯形态。大部分三角洲斜坡砂岩主要是由浊流沉积而成,不会产生循环阶梯不稳定,但循环阶梯有助于塑造和/或重组三角洲斜坡形态、床形和由此产生的地层模式。在一些三角洲系统中,超临界新月形床体的上坡迁移可能不仅是由于重复的循环步骤,还可能是由于沙丘浊流条件重新激活了遗传的循环阶梯形态。
更新日期:2020-12-20
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