Advances in urban freight modeling and the availability of freight vehicle operations data have enabled the use of disaggregate models to evaluate urban delivery policies and solutions. This research assesses different model specifications for urban freight simulation and their influence on flow reproducibility, with a focus on trip- and tour-based models for converting shipments to vehicle flows. Using vehicle operations data from Singapore, we study the performance of three models: Trip-based model, Tour-formation heuristic, and Delivery sequencing model. A comparison between the observed and estimated zone-to-zone vehicle flows indicates the inadequacy of using a Trip-based model for urban freight simulation and reveals potential estimation biases associated with select model specifications.

城市货运模型的进步和货运车辆运行数据的可用性，使得能够使用分类模型来评估城市交付政策和解决方案。这项研究评估了用于城市货运模拟的不同模型规范及其对流量可重复性的影响，重点是基于行程和旅行的模型，用于将货运转换为车辆流量。使用来自新加坡的车辆运营数据，我们研究了三种模型的性能：基于行程的模型，基于巡回形式的启发式算法和交付排序模型。观察到的和估计的区域间流量之间的比较表明，使用基于行程的模型进行城市货运仿真是不够的，并且揭示了与所选模型规格相关的潜在估计偏差。