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The originality of the Byki sites among known LGM industries on the Russian Plain
Quaternary International ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.035
Natalia B. Akhmetgaleeva , Natalia D. Burova

Abstract A specific Late Upper Paleolithic Byki site complex is located in the Seim River basin, in the center of Eastern Europe. It consists of four sites with preserved cultural layers. They are designated as Byki 1, Peny (Byki 4), Byki 5, Byki 7. Materials from other four sites (Byki 2, Byki 3, Byki 6 and Byki 8) are represented only by surface finds. Radiocarbon uncalibrated dates for major Byki sites are in between 18 and 16000 BP. Late Upper Paleolithic human occupations at Byki sites have been of a short-termed character. Byki site fauna collections are characterized by a dominance of ungulate and fur game species, while the most known LGM sites in the center of Eastern Europe and in the Seim river basin show a clear prevalence of mammoth. The Byki sites can be divided into 2 groups in accordance with the features of stone inventory. The sites of Byki-5, 6, 7 (cultural layer II) and Byki-8 are represent lamellar flint industries with a dominance of burins and backed bladelets among tools. This is also characteristic of other LGM sites in the center of Eastern Europe. At the same time, the materials of the sites of Peny, Byki 1, 2, 3 and Byki 7 (cultural layers I, Ib, Ia and Ic) sites are related to Byki archaeological culture. There were already identified the following two tool categories serving as cultural indicators for the discussing archaeological culture: flint triangles of Byki type and bone/antler elongated points of Byki type with a one-sided natural groove. Byki bone/antler points and flint triangles do not correspond to the already known other tool types serving as “cultural-chronological markers” for various known European Late Upper Paleolithic industries. It is suggested that the discussing originality of Byki site artifacts is associated with local characteristics of natural environment and hunting pattern leading to development of some specific and optimal projectile weapons.

中文翻译:

俄罗斯平原已知 LGM 产业中 Byki 遗址的独创性

摘要 一个特定的晚旧石器时代晚期 Byki 遗址复合体位于东欧中心的 Seim 河流域。它由四个保留了文化层的遗址组成。它们被指定为 Byki 1、Peny (Byki 4)、Byki 5、Byki 7。来自其他四个站点(Byki 2、Byki 3、Byki 6 和 Byki 8)的材料仅通过表面发现来表示。主要 Byki 站点的放射性碳未校准日期在 18 到 16000 BP 之间。拜基遗址上旧石器时代晚期的人类职业具有短期特征。Byki 遗址动物群收藏的特点是有蹄类动物和毛皮猎物物种占主导地位,而东欧中部和塞姆河流域最著名的 LGM 遗址显示猛犸象明显盛行。Byki遗址可根据石材库存的特点分为两组。Byki-5, 6, 7(文化层 II)和 Byki-8 的遗址代表了片状燧石工业,在工具中占主导地位的是刻刀和背衬刀片。这也是东欧中部其他 LGM 站点的特征。同时,Peny、Byki 1、2、3和Byki 7(文化层I、Ib、Ia和Ic)遗址的材料与Byki考古文化有关。已经确定了以下两种工具类别作为讨论考古文化的文化指标:Byki 类型的燧石三角形和带有一侧自然凹槽的 Byki 类型的骨/鹿角细长点。Byki 骨头/鹿角尖和燧石三角形与已知的其他工具类型不对应,这些工具类型用作各种已知的欧洲旧石器时代晚期晚期工业的“文化年代标记”。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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