Abstract In this study, the solar cycle modulation of the connection between boreal winter El Nino-South Oscillation (ENSO) and following summer South Asia High (SAH) are revealed. For El Nino accompanied by low solar cycle (EL & LS) or La Nina accompanied by low solar cycle (LA & LS), the boreal winter ENSO prominently affects the following summer's SAH variation. The SAH is enhanced (weakened) and expanded (narrowed) in the meridional and zonal directions in the EL & LS (LA & LS) phase. The composite difference in the SAH between El Nino and La Nina events is obviously stronger in the low solar cycle phase. In low solar cycle phase, El Nino signal and charging process are stronger, which lead to stronger warming sea surface temperature (SST) appear in tropical Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent extending to northwestern Pacific, resulting in larger SAH variations via warming tropospheric temperature. However, for El Nino with a high solar cycle (EL & HS) or La Nina with a high solar cycle (LA & HS), the variations in the SAH and the composite difference of the SAH between El Nino and La Nina events are quite weak in the high solar cycle phase. The charging process over tropical Indian Ocean induced by El Nino is weaker in the high solar cycle phase, which leads to weaker warming SST appear over tropical Indian Ocean, resulting in smaller SAH variations. Further investigation based on longer historic data also ensures that the 11-year solar cycle modulates the ENSO-SAH connection, with a more robust connection in the LS phase. The 11-year solar cycle should be considered when investigating the connection between the preceding winter ENSO and following summer SAH variations.

中文翻译：

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北方冬季ENSO与夏季南亚高压之间联系的太阳周期调制

摘要 在这项研究中，揭示了北方冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）与夏季南亚高压（SAH）之间联系的太阳周期调制。对于厄尔尼诺伴随低太阳周期(EL & LS)或拉尼娜伴随低太阳周期(LA & LS)，北半球冬季ENSO显着影响随后夏季的SAH变化。SAH 在 EL & LS (LA & LS) 相位的经向和纬向方向上增强（减弱）和扩展（变窄）。厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件之间的SAH复合差异在低太阳周期阶段明显更强。在低太阳周期阶段，厄尔尼诺信号和充电过程更强，导致更强的变暖海面温度（SST）出现在热带印度洋和延伸到西北太平洋的海洋大陆，通过对流层温度变暖导致更大的SAH变化。然而，对于高太阳活动周期的厄尔尼诺现象（EL & HS）或高太阳活动周期的拉尼娜现象（LA & HS），厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件之间的 SAH 变化和 SAH 的复合差异相当大。在高太阳周期阶段较弱。厄尔尼诺现象引起的热带印度洋上空的充电过程在高太阳周期阶段较弱，导致热带印度洋上出现较弱的变暖海温，导致SAH变化较小。基于更长历史数据的进一步调查也确保了 11 年的太阳周期调节了 ENSO-SAH 连接，在 LS 阶段具有更强大的连接。在调查之前的冬季 ENSO 和之后的夏季 SAH 变化之间的联系时，应考虑 11 年的太阳活动周期。