Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is the most important hydrogen carrier in cell redox reactions. It is involved in mitochondrial function and metabolism, circadian rhythm, the immune response and inflammation, DNA repair, cell division, protein-protein signaling, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. Recently, NAD⁺ has been recognized as the molecule of life, since, by increasing NAD⁺ levels in old or sick animals, it is possible to improve their health and lengthen their lifespan. In this review, we summarize the contribution of NAD⁺ metabolism to inflammation, with special emphasis in the major NAD⁺ biosynthetic enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and the NAD⁺-consuming enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The extracurricular roles of these enzymes, i.e. the proinflammatory role of NAMPT after its release, and the ability of PARP to promote a novel form of cell death, known as parthanatos, upon hyperactivation are revised and discussed in the context of several chronic inflammatory diseases.

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD ⁺）是细胞氧化还原反应中最重要的氢载体。它参与线粒体功能和代谢、昼夜节律、免疫反应和炎症、DNA 修复、细胞分裂、蛋白质-蛋白质信号传导、染色质重塑和表观遗传学。最近，NAD ⁺已被公认为生命分子，因为通过增加年老或患病动物的NAD ⁺水平，可以改善它们的健康并延长它们的寿命。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 NAD ⁺代谢对炎症的贡献，特别强调了主要的 NAD ⁺生物合成酶、烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶 (NAMPT) 和 NAD ⁺-消耗酶，聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（PARP）。这些酶的课外作用，即 NAMPT 在其释放后的促炎作用，以及 PARP 在过度活化时促进一种新的细胞死亡形式（称为 parthanatos）的能力，在几种慢性炎症性疾病的背景下进行了修订和讨论。