Myeloid cells are components of the innate immune system that represent the first line of defense. Tissue damage, associated with pathological conditions such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity, leads to the exposure of the intracellular content to the extracellular environment. Myeloid cells detect ligands exposed or released by dead cells through specific receptors that signal for a diversity of responses. Inflammatory responses triggered by myeloid cells after sensing tissue injury can contribute to resolution of the damage. The signaling response following dead-cell sensing by myeloid cells can contribute either to an inflammatory or a regulatory response. We review herein some representative examples of how myeloid cells react to the recognition of cell death during specific tissue damage contexts. A deep understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes would allow to improve therapeutical interventions in pathologies associated with tissue damage.

骨髓细胞是先天免疫系统的组成部分，代表第一道防线。与感染、癌症或自身免疫等病理状况相关的组织损伤导致细胞内内容物暴露于细胞外环境。骨髓细胞通过特定受体检测死细胞暴露或释放的配体，这些受体发出多种反应的信号。在感知组织损伤后由骨髓细胞触发的炎症反应有助于解决损伤。骨髓细胞检测死细胞后的信号反应可以导致炎症或调节反应。我们在此回顾了一些有代表性的例子，说明在特定的组织损伤背景下，骨髓细胞如何对细胞死亡的识别做出反应。