Recently, blockchain trustless properties started to be investigated to design cooperation enforcement mechanisms in many systems. This paper presents a comprehensive and detailed review of works on blockchain-enabled data forwarding incentives for multi-hop MANETs. We contextualize the problem of selfish misbehavior in networks composed of routers that are property of different participants: community, D2D, and vehicular networks, including DTN alternatives. We discuss how uncooperative behavior from multiple device owners leads to unreliable communication affecting trust in MANETs. We summarize pre-blockchain incentive mechanisms for data forwarding, classified as credit-based and reputation-based, and outline game-theoretic approaches. We discuss blockchain features useful for data forwarding incentives in multi-hop MANETs, detailing off-chain mechanisms that have been applied in the state-of-the-art. We describe the critical points in the state-of-the-art based on research papers, patents, and products. Finally, we discuss and summarize existing strategies and challenges for further research.

最近，开始研究区块链无信任属性，以设计许多系统中的合作实施机制。本文对针对多跳MANET的基于区块链的数据转发激励措施的工作进行了全面而详细的回顾。我们将由路由器组成的网络中的自私行为异常问题情境化，这些路由器是不同参与者的财产：社区，D2D和车辆网络，包括DTN替代方案。我们讨论了来自多个设备所有者的不合作行为如何导致不可靠的通信，影响了MANET中的信任。我们总结了用于数据转发的区块链前激励机制，分为基于信用和基于信誉的分类，并概述了博弈论方法。我们讨论了对多跳MANET中的数据转发激励有用的区块链功能，详细介绍了最新技术中已应用的链下机制。我们根据研究论文，专利和产品描述最新技术的要点。最后，我们讨论并总结了需要进一步研究的现有策略和挑战。