Based on the hydrogel-AuNP supramolecular sphere (H-Au), a label-free and real-time surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor has been developed for highly sensitive and specific determination of prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes. After integrating the signal amplification effect of the mass cumulative hydrogel and the LSPR effect of AuNPs with high specific aptamer, the SPRi biosensor for exosome detection exhibited a wide linear range from 1.00 × 105 to 1.00 × 107 particles/mL with a limit of detection of 1.00 × 105 particles/mL. Most importantly, with a strong correlation between the SPRi signal and the t-PSA value measured by the clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay, this biosensor displayed excellent practicability for human serum analysis, which exhibits great potential applications in disease diagnosis and bioanalysis. Prostate cancer has been one of the most threatening diseases in human life and health nowadays. In particular, as cancer metastasizes, it is more likely to cause fracture, paraplegia, and even fatal consequences. However, the predominant t-PSA test needs further improvement for the deficiencies of limited specificity and sensitivity, which is prone to false positive. As one of the noninvasive markers of liquid biopsies, exosome has the potential to be a substitute for t-PSA, which can provide specific and predictive information in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, based on the hydrogel-AuNP supramolecular sphere (H-Au), a label-free and real-time surface plasmon resonance biosensor has been developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes. After integrating the signal amplification effect of mass cumulative hydrogel and LSPR effect of AuNPs with high specific aptamer, this developed SPRi biosensor for exosome detection exhibited a wide linear range from 1.00 × 105 to 1.00 × 107 particles/mL with a limit of detection down to 1.00 × 105 particles/mL. Most importantly, with a strong correlation between the SPRi signal and the t-PSA value measured by the clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay, this biosensor displayed excellent practicability in human serum, which exhibited great potential applications in disease diagnosis and bioanalysis. Prostate cancer has been one of the most threatening diseases in human life and health nowadays. In particular, as cancer metastasizes, it is more likely to cause fracture, paraplegia, and even fatal consequences. However, the predominant t-PSA test needs further improvement for the deficiencies of limited specificity and sensitivity, which is prone to false positive. As one of the noninvasive markers of liquid biopsies, exosome has the potential to be a substitute for t-PSA, which can provide specific and predictive information in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, based on the hydrogel-AuNP supramolecular sphere (H-Au), a label-free and real-time surface plasmon resonance biosensor has been developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes. After integrating the signal amplification effect of mass cumulative hydrogel and LSPR effect of AuNPs with high specific aptamer, this developed SPRi biosensor for exosome detection exhibited a wide linear range from 1.00 × 105 to 1.00 × 107 particles/mL with a limit of detection down to 1.00 × 105 particles/mL. Most importantly, with a strong correlation between the SPRi signal and the t-PSA value measured by the clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay, this biosensor displayed excellent practicability in human serum, which exhibited great potential applications in disease diagnosis and bioanalysis.

中文翻译：

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使用水凝胶-AuNP 超分子球体的表面等离子体共振生物传感器测定前列腺癌衍生的外泌体

基于水凝胶-AuNP 超分子球（H-Au），开发了一种无标记、实时的表面等离子体共振成像生物传感器，用于高度灵敏和特异地测定前列腺癌细胞衍生的外泌体。在综合质量累积水凝胶的信号放大效应和具有高特异性适配体的 AuNPs 的 LSPR 效应后，用于外泌体检测的 SPRi 生物传感器表现出从 1.00 × 105 到 1.00 × 107 粒子/mL 的宽线性范围，检测限为1.00 × 105 颗粒/mL。最重要的是，该生物传感器的 SPRi 信号与临床化学发光免疫测定测量的 t-PSA 值之间具有很强的相关性，在人血清分析中表现出优异的实用性，在疾病诊断和生物分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。前列腺癌已成为当今对人类生活和健康威胁最大的疾病之一。尤其是随着癌症的转移，更容易造成骨折、截瘫，甚至致命的后果。然而，主要的t-PSA检测由于特异性和敏感性有限，容易出现假阳性的缺陷，需要进一步改进。作为液体活检的无创标志物之一，外泌体有可能替代t-PSA，为疾病诊断和预后提供特异性和预测性信息。在此，基于水凝胶-AuNP 超分子球（H-Au），开发了一种无标记、实时的表面等离子体共振生物传感器，用于高度灵敏和特异地检测前列腺癌细胞衍生的外泌体。在整合质量累积水凝胶的信号放大效应和具有高特异性适配体的 AuNPs 的 LSPR 效应后，这种开发的用于外泌体检测的 SPRi 生物传感器表现出从 1.00 × 105 到 1.00 × 107 粒子/mL 的宽线性范围，检测限低至1.00 × 105 颗粒/mL。最重要的是，该生物传感器的 SPRi 信号与临床化学发光免疫测定测量的 t-PSA 值之间具有很强的相关性，在人血清中显示出优异的实用性，在疾病诊断和生物分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。前列腺癌已成为当今对人类生活和健康威胁最大的疾病之一。尤其是随着癌症的转移，更容易造成骨折、截瘫，甚至致命的后果。然而，主要的t-PSA检测特异性和敏感性有限，容易出现假阳性，尚需进一步改进。作为液体活检的无创标志物之一，外泌体有可能替代t-PSA，为疾病诊断和预后提供特异性和预测性信息。在此，基于水凝胶-AuNP 超分子球（H-Au），开发了一种无标记、实时的表面等离子体共振生物传感器，用于高度灵敏和特异地检测前列腺癌细胞衍生的外泌体。在将质量累积水凝胶的信号放大效应和 AuNPs 的 LSPR 效应与高特异性适体相结合后，该开发的用于外泌体检测的 SPRi 生物传感器表现出从 1.00 × 105 到 1 的宽线性范围。00 × 107 粒子/mL，检测限低至 1.00 × 105 粒子/mL。最重要的是，该生物传感器的 SPRi 信号与临床化学发光免疫测定测量的 t-PSA 值之间具有很强的相关性，在人血清中显示出优异的实用性，在疾病诊断和生物分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。