Biological Invasions ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02376-5 Alexandra P. Hooks , Dianna K. Padilla
Predator induced responses by prey can reduce risk, however, newly introduced predators may not elicit the same predator responses, thus making prey more vulnerable to these new predators. Therefore, examining responses of different prey populations of the same species to a non-native predator may provide novel insights for the evolution of predator recognition. Here, we tested the response of three populations of a low-dispersing marine gastropod (Littorina saxatilis) to chemical cues from a native crab predator (Dyspanopeus sayi) and a newly introduced crab predator (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Using geometric morphometrics to study shell shape changes, we found that snails from all populations responded similarly to the native predator but differed in their response to the non-native predator. Snails from two of the three populations elicited no response to H. sanguineus, while the other population produced a more rotund shell, similar to their response to the native predator. Shell shape response in snails exposed to the native predator was different from those fed a reduced diet, suggesting that these anti-predator responses are active changes to shell morphology and not a by-product of reduced feeding in the presence of predators as suggested by other studies. Lastly, there were innate population shell shape differences, suggesting possible distinct ecotypes for Littorina saxatilis in North America as seen in European populations. Overall, populations differed in their response to an invasive predator indicating that evolution of predator recognition can differ between populations of the same species with similar co-existent history with the invader.
中文翻译:
引入捕食者会引起猎物特定种群的反应
捕食者对猎物的反应可以降低风险,但是,新引入的捕食者可能不会引起相同的捕食者反应,因此使猎物更容易受到这些新捕食者的攻击。因此,研究相同物种的不同猎物种群对非本地捕食者的反应可能为捕食者识别的发展提供新颖的见解。在这里,我们测试了三种低分散海洋腹足纲(Littorina saxatilis)种群对本地螃蟹捕食者(Dyspanopeus sayi)和新引入的螃蟹捕食者(Hemigrapsus sanguineus)的化学提示的反应)。使用几何形态计量学研究壳的形状变化,我们发现所有种群的蜗牛对本地捕食者的反应相似,但对非本地捕食者的反应却不同。来自三个种群中的两个的蜗牛对H没有反应。Sanguineus,而其他种群则产生了更多的圆形外壳,类似于它们对本地捕食者的反应。暴露于天然捕食者的蜗牛的壳形反应与饲喂减少饮食的蜗牛的壳形反应不同,这表明这些抗捕食者的反应是壳形态的积极变化,而不是其他掠食者存在时饲喂减少的副产物。学习。最后,存在先天的种群壳形状差异,表明可能存在不同的生态型。从欧洲人口中可以看出,北美洲的Littorina saxatilis。总体而言,种群对侵入性捕食者的反应不同,这表明与入侵者具有相似共存历史的相同物种的种群之间的捕食者识别进化可能不同。