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General and own-species attentional face biases
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02132-w
Krisztina V. Jakobsen , Cassidy White , Elizabeth A. Simpson

Humans demonstrate enhanced processing of human faces compared with animal faces, known as own-species bias. This bias is important for identifying people who may cause harm, as well as for recognizing friends and kin. However, growing evidence also indicates a more general face bias. Faces have high evolutionary importance beyond conspecific interactions, as they aid in detecting predators and prey. Few studies have explored the interaction of these biases together. In three experiments, we explored processing of human and animal faces, compared with each other and to nonface objects, which allowed us to examine both own-species and broader face biases. We used a dot-probe paradigm to examine human adults’ covert attentional biases for task-irrelevant human faces, animal faces, and objects. We replicated the own-species attentional bias for human faces relative to animal faces. We also found an attentional bias for animal faces relative to objects, consistent with the proposal that faces broadly receive privileged processing. Our findings suggest that humans may be attracted to a broad class of faces. Further, we found that while participants rapidly attended to human faces across all cue display durations, they attended to animal faces only when they had sufficient time to process them. Our findings reveal that the dot-probe paradigm is sensitive for capturing both own-species and more general face biases, and that each has a different attentional signature, possibly reflecting their unique but overlapping evolutionary importance.



中文翻译:

一般和自种的注意面部偏见

与动物面孔相比,人类表现出对人脸的增强处理能力,即所谓的“物种偏见”。这种偏见对于识别可能造成伤害的人以及识别朋友和亲戚很重要。但是,越来越多的证据也表明更普遍的面部偏见。面孔具有超越特定物种相互作用的高度进化重要性,因为它们有助于发现掠食者和猎物。很少有研究探讨这些偏见的相互作用。在三个实验中,我们探索了人脸和动物脸的处理方法,将它们彼此之间以及与非脸部对象进行了比较,这使我们能够研究自身物种和更广泛的脸部偏见。我们使用点探针范式来检查成年人对于与任务无关的人脸,动物脸和物体的秘密注意偏见。我们复制了人脸相对于动物脸的自种注意偏见。我们还发现,相对于对象而言,动物面孔的注意偏见与提议被广泛接受特权处理的提议一致。我们的发现表明,人类可能会被各种各样的面孔所吸引。此外,我们发现,尽管参与者在所有提示显示期间都迅速关注人脸,但只有在有足够时间对其进行处理时,他们才关注动物脸。我们的发现表明,点探针范式对于捕获自己的物种和更普遍的面部偏见都很敏感,并且每个都有不同的注意力特征,可能反映了它们独特但重叠的进化重要性。与面临广泛接受特权处理的建议相一致。我们的发现表明,人类可能会被各种各样的面孔所吸引。此外,我们发现,尽管参与者在所有提示显示期间都迅速关注人脸,但只有在有足够时间对其进行处理时,他们才关注动物脸。我们的发现表明,点探针范式对于捕获自己的物种和更普遍的面部偏见都很敏感,并且每个都有不同的注意力特征,可能反映了它们独特但重叠的进化重要性。与面临广泛接受特权处理的建议相一致。我们的发现表明,人类可能会被各种各样的面孔所吸引。此外,我们发现,尽管参与者在所有提示显示期间都迅速关注人脸,但只有在有足够时间对其进行处理时,他们才关注动物脸。我们的发现表明,点探针范式对于捕获自己的物种和更普遍的面部偏见都很敏感,并且每个都有不同的注意力特征,可能反映了它们独特但重叠的进化重要性。他们只有在有足够的时间来处理动物时才看动物的脸。我们的发现表明,点探针范式对于捕获自己的物种和更普遍的面部偏见都很敏感,并且每个都有不同的注意力特征,可能反映了它们独特但重叠的进化重要性。他们只有在有足够的时间来处理动物时才看动物的脸。我们的发现表明,点探针范式对于捕获自己的物种和更普遍的面部偏见都很敏感,并且每个都有不同的注意力特征,可能反映了它们独特但重叠的进化重要性。

更新日期:2020-10-07
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