Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system based on the involvement of the optic nerve and/or spinal cord. The disease is characterized by high recurrence and disability. NMOSD is mainly diagnosed by AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG. However, there are still some patients with negative or undetermined double-antibody, and AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG cannot indicate the clinical disease activity. Therefore, it is urgent to explore interesting biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to promote early clinical diagnosis and/or as a target for diagnosis and treatment. This article summarized the research progress in serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of astrocytes, neurons, myelin sheath, and other damage after the onset of NMOSD. Besides the value of microglial activation-related proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD was prospected, so as to promote the research progress of NMOSD.

摘要

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病 (NMOSD) 是一种基于视神经和/或脊髓受累的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病。该病的特点是高复发率和致残率。NMOSD主要通过AQP4-IgG和MOG-IgG诊断。但仍有部分患者双抗体阴性或未定，AQP4-IgG和MOG-IgG不能指示临床疾病活动性。因此，迫切需要探索血清和脑脊液中有趣的生物标志物，以促进早期临床诊断和/或作为诊断和治疗的靶点。本文总结了NMOSD发病后星形胶质细胞、神经元、髓鞘等损伤的血清和脑脊液生物标志物的研究进展。