ABSTRACT In the present study, three different types of landslide-generated tsunamis (subaerial, partially submerged and submarine) were investigated through laboratory experiments that used 261 different experimental conditions. The results show that, for the near-field region, the subaerial landslide generated a higher leading wave, while the submarine landslide generated a higher second wave. However, frequency dispersion considerably influenced their propagation, with the leading wave decaying and the trailing waves being enhanced. The present study also revealed that the leading wave has higher values for wave celerity, period, and length than the second wave, regardless of landslide type. It was also shown that the celerity of the leading wave and second wave can be approximated by the solitary wave theory and third-order Stokes theory, respectively. Using the extensive experimental dataset obtained, predictive equations to estimate the maximum crest amplitudes generated by partially submerged and submarine landslides were also developed. A comparison with the experiments of previous researchers and field survey data from the 2018 Palu Tsunami indicated that these equations can estimate reasonably well the height of the generated tsunami. It was also shown that the relative mass and initial position of the landslide are influential nondimensional parameters to determine the tsunami amplitudes generated.

中文翻译：

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由海底、部分淹没和海底滑坡产生的海啸的物理建模

摘要 在本研究中，通过使用 261 种不同实验条件的实验室实验，对三种不同类型的滑坡海啸（海底、部分淹没和海底）进行了调查。结果表明，对于近场区域，海底滑坡产生较高的前波，而海底滑坡产生较高的二次波。然而，频率色散极大地影响了它们的传播，前波衰减，尾波增强。本研究还表明，无论滑坡类型如何，前波的波速、周期和长度值都高于第二波。还表明，前波和第二波的速度可以用孤立波理论和三阶斯托克斯理论来近似，分别。使用获得的大量实验数据集，还开发了用于估计部分淹没和海底滑坡产生的最大波峰振幅的预测方程。与之前研究人员的实验和 2018 年帕卢海啸的现场调查数据进行比较表明，这些方程可以合理地估计所产生海啸的高度。还表明，滑坡的相对质量和初始位置是确定产生的海啸振幅的有影响的无量纲参数。与之前研究人员的实验和 2018 年帕卢海啸的现场调查数据进行比较表明，这些方程可以合理地估计所产生海啸的高度。还表明，滑坡的相对质量和初始位置是确定产生的海啸振幅的有影响的无量纲参数。与之前研究人员的实验和 2018 年帕卢海啸的现场调查数据进行比较表明，这些方程可以合理地估计所产生海啸的高度。还表明，滑坡的相对质量和初始位置是确定产生的海啸振幅的有影响的无量纲参数。