Recently, we reported an emotion self-regulation study (Zotev et al., 2020), in which patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) used simultaneous real-time fMRI and EEG neurofeedback (rtfMRI-EEG-nf) to upregulate two fMRI and two EEG activity measures, relevant to MDD. The target measures included fMRI activities of the left amygdala and left rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and frontal EEG asymmetries in the alpha band (FAA) and high-beta band (FBA). Here we apply the exact low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) to investigate EEG source activities during the rtfMRI-EEG-nf procedure. The exploratory analyses reveal significant changes in hemispheric lateralities of upper alpha and high-beta current source densities in the prefrontal regions, consistent with upregulation of the FAA and FBA during the rtfMRI-EEG-nf task. Similar laterality changes are observed for current source densities in the amygdala. Prefrontal upper alpha current density changes show significant negative correlations with anhedonia severity. Changes in prefrontal high-beta current density are consistent with reduction in comorbid anxiety. Comparisons with results of previous LORETA studies suggest that the rtfMRI-EEG-nf training is beneficial to MDD patients, and may have the ability to correct functional deficiencies associated with anhedonia and comorbid anxiety in MDD.

最近，我们报道了一项情绪自我调节研究（Zotev等，2020），其中患有重度抑郁症（MDD）的患者同时使用实时功能磁共振成像和脑电图神经反馈（rtfMRI-EEG-nf）来上调两个功能磁共振成像和与MDD相关的两项EEG活动度量。目标措施包括左杏仁核和左延髓前扣带回皮质的fMRI活动，以及α带（FAA）和高β带（FBA）的额叶脑电图不对称性。在这里，我们应用精确的低分辨率大脑电磁层析成像（eLORETA）来研究rtfMRI-EEG-nf程序期间的脑电图源活动。探索性分析揭示了额叶前额叶区域上半球上半球电流密度和高β电流源密度的显着变化，这与rtfMRI-EEG-nf任务期间FAA和FBA的上调一致。对于杏仁核中的电流源密度，观察到相似的侧向变化。前额上α电流密度变化与快感低下程度显示出显着的负相关。前额叶高β电流密度的变化与合并症焦虑症的减轻一致。与先前LORETA研究结果的比较表明，rtfMRI-EEG-nf训练对MDD患者有益，并且可能具有纠正与快感不足和MDD合并症相关的功能障碍的能力。