Abstract Sensors used to monitor indoor environmental conditions and utility consumption can result in well-defined working and living spaces. Real-time spatiotemporal occupancy detection techniques used to track humans indoors paired with these data can be used to better understand the role of occupants on indoor air quality and building energy consumption. This study introduces a novel occupancy sensing technique whereby a chair-based temperature sensor array is used to detect the presence of occupants seated in a living laboratory open-plan office. Seat surface temperatures were tracked for twenty individuals over seven months using K-type thermocouples with battery-powered dataloggers secured to office chairs in known locations. The temperature differential between the occupant and seat surface enables for rapid conduction and thus detection of one's seated presence. Seat surface temperature time-series were converted to binary seated occupancy for each chair and totaled to achieve a spatial map of room seated occupancy with a time resolution of 15 s. Trends in spatiotemporal seated occupancy profiles in the office were evaluated for seven months using the novel technique. This highly localized form of occupancy detection offers several advantages compared to delocalized sensing techniques, including visualization of spatial occupancy patterns over time; determination of individual seated occupancy histories visualized in the form of “occupancy barcodes; ” quantification of total seated hours per occupant in different spatial zones across varying time-scales; and characterization of diurnal and weekly trends in seated occupancy probabilities categorized by an occupant's relative level of presence.

中文翻译：

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使用基于椅子的温度传感器阵列在办公室中进行空间就座占用检测

摘要 用于监测室内环境条件和公用事业消耗的传感器可以产生明确定义的工作和生活空间。用于跟踪室内人员的实时时空占用检测技术与这些数据相结合，可用于更好地了解占用者对室内空气质量和建筑能耗的作用。本研究引入了一种新颖的占用传感技术，利用基于椅子的温度传感器阵列来检测居住在实验室开放式办公室中的占用者的存在。使用 K 型热电偶和电池供电的数据记录器固定在已知位置的办公椅上，在七个月内跟踪了 20 个人的座椅表面温度。乘员和座椅表面之间的温差能够实现快速传导，从而检测一个人是否就座。座椅表面温度时间序列被转换为每把椅子的二元就座占用率，并总计以实现时间分辨率为 15 秒的房间就座占用空间图。使用新技术评估了七个月的办公室坐姿时空分布趋势。与非局部传感技术相比，这种高度局部化的占用检测形式具有多种优势，包括随着时间的推移空间占用模式的可视化；确定以“占用条形码”形式可视化的个人就座占用历史；” 量化不同时间尺度上不同空间区域中每位乘客的总就座时间；