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Effect of Implementing Subgoals in Code.org's Intro to Programming Unit in Computer Science Principles
ACM Transactions on Computing Education ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 , DOI: 10.1145/3415594
Lauren E. Margulieux 1 , Briana B. Morrison 2 , Baker Franke 3 , Harivololona Ramilison 2
Affiliation  

The subgoal learning framework has improved performance for novice programmers in higher education, but it has only started to be applied and studied in K-12 (primary/secondary). Programming education in K-12 is growing, and many international initiatives are attempting to increase participation, including curricular initiatives like Computer Science Principles and non-profit organizations like Code.org. Given that subgoal learning is designed to help students with no prior knowledge, we designed and implemented subgoals in the introduction to programming unit in Code.org's Computer Science Principles course. The redesigned unit includes subgoal-oriented instruction and subgoal-themed pre-written comments that students could add to their programming activities. To evaluate efficacy, we compared behaviors and performance of students who received the redesigned subgoal unit to those receiving the original unit. We found that students who learned with subgoals performed better on problem-solving questions but not knowledge-based questions and wrote more in open-ended response questions, including a practice Performance Task for the AP exam. Moreover, at least one-third of subgoal students continued to use the subgoal comments after the subgoal-oriented instruction had been faded, suggesting that they found them useful. Survey data from the teachers suggested that students who struggled with the concepts found the subgoals most useful. Implications for future designs are discussed.

中文翻译:

Code.org 的计算机科学原理编程单元简介中实现子目标的效果

子目标学习框架提高了新手程序员在高等教育中的表现,但它才开始在 K-12(小学/中学)中应用和研究。K-12 的编程教育正在增长,许多国际倡议都在试图增加参与度,包括计算机科学原理等课程倡议和 Code.org 等非营利组织。鉴于子目标学习旨在帮助没有先验知识的学生,我们在 Code.org 的计算机科学原理课程的编程单元介绍中设计并实施了子目标。重新设计的单元包括面向子目标的教学和以子目标为主题的预先写好的评论,学生可以添加到他们的编程活动中。为了评估疗效,我们比较了接受重新设计的子目标单元的学生与接受原始单元的学生的行为和表现。我们发现,有子目标学习的学生在解决问题的问题上表现更好,但在基于知识的问题上表现更好,并且在开放式回答问题上写得更多,包括 AP 考试的练习性能任务。此外,在面向子目标的指导消失后,至少有三分之一的子目标学生继续使用子目标评论,这表明他们认为这些评论很有用。来自教师的调查数据表明,在概念上遇到困难的学生发现子目标最有用。讨论了对未来设计的影响。我们发现,有子目标学习的学生在解决问题的问题上表现更好,但在基于知识的问题上表现更好,并且在开放式回答问题上写得更多,包括 AP 考试的练习性能任务。此外,在面向子目标的指导消失后,至少有三分之一的子目标学生继续使用子目标评论,这表明他们认为这些评论很有用。来自教师的调查数据表明,在概念上遇到困难的学生发现子目标最有用。讨论了对未来设计的影响。我们发现,有子目标学习的学生在解决问题的问题上表现更好,但在基于知识的问题上表现更好,并且在开放式回答问题上写得更多,包括 AP 考试的练习性能任务。此外,在面向子目标的指导消失后,至少有三分之一的子目标学生继续使用子目标评论,这表明他们认为这些评论很有用。来自教师的调查数据表明,在概念上遇到困难的学生发现子目标最有用。讨论了对未来设计的影响。在面向子目标的指导消失后,至少有三分之一的子目标学生继续使用子目标评论,这表明他们认为这些评论很有用。来自教师的调查数据表明,在概念上遇到困难的学生发现子目标最有用。讨论了对未来设计的影响。在面向子目标的指导消失后,至少有三分之一的子目标学生继续使用子目标评论,这表明他们认为这些评论很有用。来自教师的调查数据表明,在概念上遇到困难的学生发现子目标最有用。讨论了对未来设计的影响。
更新日期:2020-10-04
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