The scope of optical sensors and scanners in aquatic media, fluids, and medical diagnostics has been limited by paucity of transparent shielding materials with antifouling potential. In this research endeavor, facile synthesis, characterization, and bioassay of antifouling transparent functional copolymers are reported. Copolymers of 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized by free radical polymerization in various proportions. Samples PSM20, PSM30, PSM40, PSM50, and PSM60 contain 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% SPMA by weight, respectively. Resultant products were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized copolymers have exhibited excellent transparency, i.e., 75% to 88%, as determined by the UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. Transmittance was decreased from 6% to 2% in these copolymers upon changing the concentration of 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate from 20% to 50% owing to bacterial and algal biofilm formation. Water contact angle values were ranged from 18° to 63° and decreased with the increase in the polarity of copolymers. The surface energy lowest value 58 mJ/m2 and highest value 72 mJ/m2 were calculated for PSM20 and PSM50, respectively, by the Chibowski approach and Young equation. Sample PSM50 has exhibited the highest antibacterial activities, i.e., 18 mm and 19 mm, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, by the disk diffusion method. Copolymer PSM50 has shown minimum algal adhesion for Dictyosphaerium algae as observed by optical microscopy. This lower bacterial and algal adhesion is attributed to higher concentrations of anionic SPMA monomer that cause electrostatic repulsion between functional groups of the polymer and microorganisms. Thus, the resultant PSM50 product has exhibited good potential for optronics shielding application in aquatic medium and medical diagnostics.

中文翻译：

---

甲基丙烯酸 3-磺基丙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的抗透明暨防污共聚物，用于水生介质和医疗保健中的光电应用

由于缺乏具有防污潜力的透明屏蔽材料，光学传感器和扫描仪在水生介质、流体和医疗诊断中的应用范围受到限制。在这项研究工作中，报告了防污透明功能共聚物的简便合成、表征和生物测定。甲基丙烯酸3-磺基丙酯（SPMA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的共聚物是通过自由基聚合以不同比例合成的。样品 PSM20、PSM30、PSM40、PSM50 和 PSM60 分别含有 20%、30%、40%、50% 和 60% 的 SPMA（按重量计）。所得产物通过FTIR和1H-NMR光谱表征。根据紫外-可见光谱分析确定，合成的共聚物表现出优异的透明度，即75%至88%。由于细菌和藻类生物膜的形成，在将甲基丙烯酸 3-磺基丙酯的浓度从 20% 更改为 50% 后，这些共聚物的透射率从 6% 降低到 2%。水接触角值范围从 18° 到 63° 并随着共聚物极性的增加而减小。通过 Chibowski 方法和 Young 方程分别计算出 PSM20 和 PSM50 的表面能最低值 58 mJ/m2 和最高值 72 mJ/m2。通过圆盘扩散法，样品 PSM50 对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出最高的抗菌活性，即分别为 18 毫米和 19 毫米。通过光学显微镜观察，共聚物 PSM50 显示出对 Dictyosphaerium 藻类的最小藻类粘附。这种较低的细菌和藻类粘附归因于较高浓度的阴离子 SPMA 单体，这会导致聚合物和微生物的官能团之间产生静电排斥。因此，由此产生的 PSM50 产品在水生介质和医学诊断中的光电屏蔽应用方面表现出良好的潜力。