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‘Warming up’ a wind instrument: The time-dependent effects of exhaled air on the resonances of a trombone
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 , DOI: 10.1121/10.0002109
Henri Boutin 1 , John Smith 2 , Joe Wolfe 2
Affiliation  

To study the effect of ‘warming up’ a wind instrument, the acoustic impedance spectrum at the mouthpiece of a trombone was measured after different durations of playing. When an instrument filled with ambient air is played in a room at 26–27 °C, the resonance frequencies initially fall. This is attributed to CO 2 in the breath initially increasing the density of air in the bore and more than compensating for increased temperature and humidity. Soon after, the resonance frequencies rise to near or slightly above the ambient value as the effects of temperature and humidity compensate for that of increased CO 2. The magnitudes and quality factors of impedance maxima decrease with increased playing time whereas the minima increase. Using the measured change in resonance frequency, it proved possible to separate the changes in impedance due to changes in density and changes in acoustic losses due to water condensing in the bore. When the room and instrument temperature exceed 37 °C, condensation is not expected and, experimentally, smaller decreases in magnitudes and quality factors of impedance maxima are observed. The substantial compensation of the pitch fall due to CO 2 by the rise due to temperature and humidity is advantageous to wind players.

中文翻译:

“预热”管乐器:呼出的空气对长号共振的时间依赖性

为了研究“预热”管乐器的效果,在演奏了不同的持续时间后,对长号号嘴的声阻抗谱进行了测量。当在26–27°C的房间中演奏充满环境空气的乐器时,共振频率最初会下降。这归因于 一氧化碳 2呼吸中的气体最初会增加孔中的空气密度,而不能弥补温度和湿度的增加。此后不久,由于温度和湿度的影响补偿了温度的升高,谐振频率上升到接近或略高于环境值。 一氧化碳 2。阻抗最大值的大小和品质因数随播放时间的增加而减小,而最小值却增加。使用所测得的谐振频率变化,证明有可能分离出由于密度变化引起的阻抗变化和由于孔中水凝结而引起的声损耗变化。当室内温度和仪器温度超过37°C时,就不会出现凝结现象,并且在实验中,观察到幅度减小的幅度减小和阻抗最大值的品质因数。音调下降的实质性补偿是由于 一氧化碳 2 由于温度和湿度的上升所带来的好处对风力发电厂有利。
更新日期:2020-10-05
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