The analysis of the unexpected ionospheric phases before large earthquakes is one of the cutting-edge issues in earthquake prediction studies. In this study, the total electron content (TEC) data from seven International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and the global ionosphere maps (GIMs) were used. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a running median process were applied to the TEC time series to detect abnormalities before the M_w 7.3 Iran–Iraq border earthquake on 12 November 2017. The analyses showed positive anomalies 8–9 d before the earthquake and some positive and negative anomalies 1–6 d before the earthquake. These anomalies were cross-checked using the Kp, Dst, F10.7, B_z component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF B_z), electric field (E_y), and plasma speed (V_SW) space weather indices. The results showed that the anomalies 1–6 d before the earthquake were caused by a moderate magnetic storm. Moreover, the positive anomalies 8–9 d before the earthquake were likely related to the Iran–Iraq border earthquake due to quiet space weather, local dispersion, and the proximity to the epicenter.

中文翻译：

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与相关的电离层异常中号_W¯¯  7.3两伊边境地震和中等磁暴

在大地震之前对电离层的意外相位进行分析是地震预测研究中的前沿问题之一。在这项研究中，使用了来自七个国际GNSS服务（IGS）站和全球电离层图（GIM）的总电子含量（TEC）数据。短时傅立叶变换（STFT）和一个正在运行的进程中位数分别应用于TEC时间序列之前检测到异常中号_W¯¯ 于2017年11月12日7.3两伊边境地震的分析显示正异常8-9 d地震前以及地震前1-6天的一些正异常和负异常。这些异常是使用Kp的，DST，F10.7，交叉检查乙_Ž星际磁场的分量（IMF乙_z），电场（ E _y）和等离子速度（ V _SW）空间天气指数。结果表明，地震前1-6 d的异常是由中等磁暴引起的。此外，地震前8-9 d的正异常可能是由于安静的太空天气，局部散布以及靠近震中而与伊朗-伊拉克边境地震有关。