ABSTRACT Roof characteristics such as material type and their properties information are essential to integrating urban agriculture (UA), rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), and energy systems on roofs. Roof materials can be identified from their spectral signatures. However, this identification requires a priori knowledge of the materials’ spectral characteristics. The main perspective of this work is the future use of spectral data for roof classification. A common practice in mapping materials is the use of spectral libraries. In this regard, this work describes a novel framework for laboratory-based spectral data acquisition. The reflectance data of common, recently introduced (plastics and metals), and representative roof materials from the Mediterranean region were obtained. Data acquisition was conducted in a laboratory under controlled conditions using a high-spatial-resolution (HSR) sensor, which is usually used for airborne surveys. Large variations in the spectral reflectance data were observed due to the composition of the roof material. Flat spectral signatures were found for fibre cement, concrete, gravels and some metals, especially from the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. Colour and surface finish greatly influence the visible (VIS) spectral range. It was confirmed that the view angle did not modify the spectral shapes. A collection of 39 spectral data of roof materials (ceramics, concrete, fibre cement, metals, plastics, paints, stone, and wood) were compiled into a spectral library that is available online.

中文翻译：

---

基于实验室的屋顶材料光谱数据采集

摘要 屋顶特征，例如材料类型及其属性信息，对于整合都市农业 (UA)、雨水收集系统 (RWHS) 和屋顶能源系统至关重要。屋顶材料可以从它们的光谱特征中识别出来。然而，这种识别需要材料光谱特性的先验知识。这项工作的主要观点是未来将光谱数据用于屋顶分类。映射材料的常见做法是使用光谱库。在这方面，这项工作描述了基于实验室的光谱数据采集的新框架。获得了地中海地区常见的、最近引入的（塑料和金属）和代表性屋顶材料的反射率数据。数据采集​​是在实验室中使用高空间分辨率 (HSR) 传感器在受控条件下进行的，该传感器通常用于机载调查。由于屋顶材料的成分，观察到光谱反射率数据的巨大变化。在纤维水泥、混凝土、砾石和一些金属中发现了平坦的光谱特征，尤其是在近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域。颜色和表面光洁度极大地影响可见 (VIS) 光谱范围。确认视角不会改变光谱形状。屋顶材料（陶瓷、混凝土、纤维水泥、金属、塑料、油漆、石材和木材）的 39 种光谱数据的集合被编译成一个光谱库，可在线获取。通常用于机载调查。由于屋顶材料的成分，观察到光谱反射率数据的巨大变化。在纤维水泥、混凝土、砾石和一些金属中发现了平坦的光谱特征，尤其是在近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域。颜色和表面光洁度极大地影响可见 (VIS) 光谱范围。确认视角不会改变光谱形状。屋顶材料（陶瓷、混凝土、纤维水泥、金属、塑料、油漆、石材和木材）的 39 种光谱数据的集合被编译成一个光谱库，可在线获取。通常用于机载调查。由于屋顶材料的成分，观察到光谱反射率数据的巨大变化。在纤维水泥、混凝土、砾石和一些金属中发现了平坦的光谱特征，尤其是在近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域。颜色和表面光洁度极大地影响可见 (VIS) 光谱范围。确认视角不会改变光谱形状。屋顶材料（陶瓷、混凝土、纤维水泥、金属、塑料、油漆、石材和木材）的 39 种光谱数据的集合被编译成一个光谱库，可在线获取。特别是来自近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域。颜色和表面光洁度极大地影响可见 (VIS) 光谱范围。确认视角不会改变光谱形状。屋顶材料（陶瓷、混凝土、纤维水泥、金属、塑料、油漆、石材和木材）的 39 种光谱数据的集合被编译成一个光谱库，可在线获取。特别是来自近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域。颜色和表面光洁度极大地影响可见 (VIS) 光谱范围。确认视角不会改变光谱形状。屋顶材料（陶瓷、混凝土、纤维水泥、金属、塑料、油漆、石材和木材）的 39 种光谱数据的集合被编译成一个光谱库，可在线获取。