Icy and snowy sidewalks are typical wintertime phenomena in Finland. Wintertime slipping injuries are common and lead to substantial economic costs to health care as well as losses to society due to long sick leaves. In Finland, almost every second person slips and falls outdoors annually, and around 70,000 persons are injured needing medical attention. Typically, the most slippery conditions are encountered when the daily average temperature is slightly below 0°C or temperature crosses 0°C and there is precipitation in some form. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) has developed a numerical weather model that simulates the level of slipperiness on the sidewalks. The model classifies the sidewalk slipperiness into three classes; normal, slippery and very slippery. The FMI issues warnings of hazardous sidewalk conditions to the general public. Pedestrians' road safety can be increased with sidewalk condition forecasts and warnings. When warned, people can choose proper footwear or use anti‐slip devices, change the route or mode of transport, postpone the journey or cancel it altogether. Precise and reliable weather and sidewalk condition forecasts enable targeted and more effective sidewalk maintenance activities that can improve the grip of sidewalks and thus reduce the risk of accidents and injuries. This study presents the sidewalk condition model RoadSurf‐Pedestrian, its physical principles and examples of model runs. There are some challenges in the modelling of the slipperiness but the model gives valuable information on the slipperiness for duty forecasters. Slipping injury statistics are also presented and used as verification data.

中文翻译：

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RoadSurf-Pedestrian：一种人行道条件模型，可预测冬季滑倒受伤的风险

冰冷和人行道是芬兰典型的冬季现象。冬季滑倒受伤很普遍，并导致长期的病假，给医疗保健造成巨大的经济损失，并给社会造成损失。在芬兰，每年几乎每秒钟有一个人滑倒并掉到户外，约有70,000人受伤，需要医疗护理。通常，当日平均温度略低于0°C或温度超过0°C且出现某种形式的降水时，会遇到最湿滑的条件。芬兰气象研究所（FMI）已开发了一种数值天气模型，用于模拟人行道上的打滑程度。该模型将人行道的滑溜度分为三类：正常，湿滑和非常湿滑。FMI向公众发布危险的人行道警告。行人路况预测和警告可以提高行人的道路安全性。警告时，人们可以选择合适的鞋类或使用防滑装置，更改路线或运输方式，推迟旅程或完全取消旅行。精确，可靠的天气和人行道状况预报可实现有针对性的，更有效的人行道维护活动，从而改善人行道的抓地力，从而降低事故和受伤的风险。本研究介绍了人行道状态模型RoadSurf-Pedestrian，其物理原理和模型运行示例。滑行建模存在一些挑战，但是该模型为值班预报员提供了有关滑行的宝贵信息。