The injuries and defects in the central nervous system are the causes of disability and death of an affected person. As of now, there are no clinically available methods to enhance neural structural regeneration and functional recovery of nerve injuries. Recently, some experimental studies claimed that the injuries in brain can be repaired by progenitor or neural stem cells located in the neurogenic sites of adult mammalian brain. Various attempts have been made to construct biomimetic physiological microenvironment for neural stem cells to control their ultimate fate. Conductive materials have been considered as one the best choices for nerve regeneration due to the capacity to mimic the microenvironment of stem cells and regulate the alignment, growth, and differentiation of neural stem cells. The review highlights the use of conductive biomaterials, e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, single‐wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite oxide, for controlling the neural stem cells activities in terms of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effects of conductive biomaterials in axon elongation and synapse formation for optimal repair of central nervous system injuries are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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导电生物材料作为神经干细胞向神经元谱系细胞分化的底物

中枢神经系统的损伤和缺陷是受影响人员残疾和死亡的原因。到目前为止，还没有临床可用的方法来增强神经结构再生和神经损伤的功能恢复。最近，一些实验研究声称，位于成年哺乳动物大脑神经源性部位的祖细胞或神经干细胞可以修复大脑中的损伤。已经进行了各种尝试来构建神经干细胞的仿生生理微环境以控制其最终命运。由于能够模拟干细胞的微环境并调节神经干细胞的排列、生长和分化，导电材料被认为是神经再生的最佳选择之一。该综述强调使用导电生物材料，例如聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）、多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、石墨烯和氧化石墨，用于控制神经干细胞的活动增殖和神经元分化的术语。还讨论了导电生物材料在轴突伸长和突触形成中对中枢神经系统损伤的最佳修复的影响。